Classics Oral Tradition Essays (601 words) - Holden Caulfield

Works of art Oral Tradition Annonymous Holden Caulfield is adolescent anxiety bull-poo with a pickax. He's wry, awful, and totally unlikeable. He additionally doesn't give a poo. He is each adolescent got between the crapy little rounds of secondary school (you're expected to slaughter yourself if the football crew loses or something) and the dread of adulthood (going to find an office line of work and rake in boatloads of cash like the remainder of the fakes). The significance in Holden Caulfield is that what he needs to state is better than a million Celestine Prophecies or anything said by Jonathan Livingston Seagull (put something aside for the cackles after you shoot him) or Jesus (put something aside for the spurious hello Peter I can see your home from here). Holden Caulfield says that life sucks, everybody is a fake, and you'll be definitely disillusioned by everybody that you hold in wonderment. On the off chance that you think that this sounds horrendous, pose yourself one inquiry. When was the last time you found any euphoria in viewing Barney or the Care Bears? It isn't exactly what he says yet the manner in which he says it. He experiences life mentioning dead-on objective facts that totally dart the kneecaps away from under the terminally self-important. At the point when an effective undertaker tells the school to follow his model and supplicate when things turn sour, it is Holden Caulfield who brings up that the person is appealing to God for additional individuals to pass on. He's discouraged by nuns and irritated by shallow sweethearts, while in adoration with his non-romantic companion. Considerably all the more intriguing is the way that Caulfield's general irritated mentality and his hormones are inseparably connected. He for all intents and purposes needs to slaughter his flat mate, Stradlatter, in light of the fact that Stradlatter may have screwed a young lady he wants. He culpably confesses to making out with fakes, and in a significant admission he admits to being a virgin. He gets the poo beat out of him by a displeased pimp subsequent to concluding that he doesn't need a to have sex with a whore for the silliest of reasons.(he simply discovered it perturbing to see her take her garments off without fanfare.)The certainty that his younger sibling has simply passed on and that he's being kicked out of one more school comes in just short of the win to the entire sex question. In other words, Holden Caulfield is a person; generalization away. What is additionally fascinating is the means by which intently Caulfield catches the mentality what's more, culture of youthfulness. There is the rank framework wherein Caulfield loathes and wishes to be his flat mate Stradlatter. In the interim zit-encrusted Ackley, whom he perhaps should feel compassion toward, is an irritating person that Holden can hardly wait to escape his room. He's thoughtful to the standard's girl, saying that it's not her flaw what sort of a charlatan her father is, and without thinking twice comments on the reality that she cushions her bra. Savagery and dissatisfaction are blended, however the parody level permits you to giggle at your own agonizing recollections. In all actuality, in the same way as other of his fans, Holden Caulfield ends up being nuts or at any rate living in a crazy refuge. (Apologies, in the event that you imagine that those dumb astonishment endings are the best motivation to understand Salinger.) Yet, in Caulfield's madness, there is an extraordinary subject. By being the pissed off, terrible, negative crazy charlatan; Holden Caulfield recommends that it is alright to be a poop. Your reactions of the world are not invalid and nothing you state or believe is awful to such an extent that you have to quell it. Unexpectedly, this isn't just something that is basic to endurance (particularly on the off chance that you are a young person and urgently attempting to keep up your lily-white mental self portrait) but on the other hand is the way to at last turning into an OK mindful individual. Keep your prophets, evangelists and shamans. I'll take Holden Caulfield over them quickly.

Perceptions of ESL Teachers in Taiwan

Impression of ESL Teachers in Taiwan Summary This examination researches ESL program instructors encounters, observations, perspectives and utilization of homeroom evaluation in Taiwan. It is planned to investigate educators comprehension of study hall evaluation and their appraisal methodologies; also, to look at whether there are any connections between instructors encounters, discernments and utilization of homeroom appraisal in private ESL schools in Taiwan. Thirty instructors across three private ESL schools were reviewed utilizing a poll. Among 30 instructors, 4 educators elected to partake in the semi-organized meetings. Information gathered from survey and meeting furnishes the analyst with a knowledge into instructors recognitions, mentalities and utilization of evaluation strategies in their homeroom. The outcomes show that ESL program instructors were sure about the viability of study hall appraisal and developmental evaluation systems and tended to utilize positive input to urge students to improve their language capacity. Most educators had over 3 years of showing involvement with showing English and put center around developmental appraisal so as to meet schools strategy, students needs, and guardians requests. There is a need to do additionally look into in such one of a kind instructive setting, supposed ESL schools in Taiwan, to investigate educators challenges and needs; besides, to offer help, for example, instructors in-administration preparing, which may prompt profiting students. Point This blended techniques explore is intended to examine ESL non-public school instructors discernments, demeanor and utilization of homeroom evaluation in Taiwan. Two instruments are utilized in this exploration, including a poll and semi-organized meetings, to investigate educators encounters, mentalities, and view of study hall appraisal and their own evaluation techniques. Method of reasoning and setting This examination has been roused by two components: first, in 2010, Dr. Rea-Dickins presented the focal qualities of homeroom evaluation in Language Testing and Assessment (LTA) course, for example, giving learning chances to learning or language mindfulness and sustaining language, which helped me to increase new information about the idea of appraisal for learning, as far as developmental appraisal. Subsequent to perusing a few research concentrates corresponding to study hall based evaluation, I perceive the advantages of appraisal, specific with developmental appraisal, and how instructors can screen student progress, educate educating and bolster learning through utilizing numerous appraisal techniques in the homeroom. I want to comprehend whether English educators utilize different developmental appraisal techniques, for example, instructor and friend input, framework and evaluation to assist students with upgrading learning or they predominantly center around reviewing and rec ording learning progress. The subsequent factor is identified with the way that we have generally little information at ESL non-public school educators study hall evaluation practice and their comprehension and disposition toward appraisal in Taiwan; besides, this is a territory where apparently may affect youthful students in learning English. Appraisal plays a focal and significant job both in instructing and learning. Educators utilize their own appraisal rehearses, which may have the potential effect on their students learning, to survey and improve students language capacity. What's more, evaluation is equal to tests and tests for most instructors, understudies, and guardians In Taiwan where customary paper-and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"pencil appraisal stayed as the primary source illuminating students learning (Yip, 2005). Edelenbos and Kubanek-German (2004) likewise call attention to the presumption that proper testing is for the most part alluded to the main evaluation techniques an educator employments. McNamara (2000) noticed that customary paper-and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"pencil language evaluation and execution appraisal are two significant types of appraisal. As it were, English instructors will in general utilize the last to know how their students utilize their current language information related in a given setting and to gauge students language capacity toward the finish of a specific time of educating and learning through the previous. As can be seen, the thought of evaluation is by and large connected with testing and it is by all accounts immature in f ields of applied semantics and general instruction. Along these lines, the point of this examination is to explore how English educators see the idea of homeroom appraisal and what evaluation strategies they use in their study hall in Taiwan. 1.2.1 English learning condition in Taiwan In 1997, the Ministry of Education (MOE) executed instructive change and presented the Nine-Year Integrated Curriculum (NYIC) which has extraordinarily affected the schedule and materials structure of basic and secondary schools in Taiwan. One of the significant changes is that understudies, who used to start learning English in middle schools (age 11), begin to learn English as a Foreign Language in grade 3 (age 9) in primary schools. English guidelines were authoritatively consolidated into grade school instruction which welcomed more business open doors on English learning and instructing because of the expanding interest for English learning. Such changing circumstance has likewise sway the period of learning English in Taiwan, where kids currently begin to learn English at an early age. Moreover, as per The Guidelines of English Learning Area in Grade 1-9 Curriculum, the new English schedule mirrors a progressively open direction and spots center around educator students cooperations. It likewise plans to make a charming learning condition to inspire students to communicate in English in English homeroom. This seems to recommend that educators should utilize increasingly developmental appraisal techniques, regarding urging students to improve learning and giving more language learning chances to them. Besides, students are required to accomplish three objectives in Grade 1-9 Curriculum: To outfit with fundamental informative fitness and apply it into genuine circumstances. To create learning methodologies and have the option to learn language adequately and self-rulingly. To pick up information about remote societies and have the option to regard various societies. The change in English educational program is predictable with the ebb and flow pattern in look into investigations of English as an Additional Language (EAL). Educators are going about as supporters to platform and spur students to upgrade getting the hang of during the entire learning process. Likewise, Taiwanese government engages neighborhood schools and educators to pick showing materials, for example, course readings, to address students issues; also, it starts to esteem understudies singular contrasts. Thusly, instructors might have the option to pick proper errands and exercises for their students and spotlight on singular learning. As can be seen, educators are presently commonly expanding the utilization of developmental evaluation techniques to help students learning in the study hall in Taiwan 1.2.2 Formative Assessment in language study halls in Taiwan By and large, English educators in Taiwan are required to address all the blunders in all understudies work, including worksheets, reading material and practice books, because of the weight from the schools and guardians. Such interest from schools and guardians is one of significant wellsprings of weight for educators in Taiwan. As can be seen, instructor input, especially with composed criticism, gives off an impression of being viewed as one significant piece of educators routine work. Huang (2006) reports that in Taiwan most English instructors use educator criticism, as a developmental appraisal technique, on students syntactic blunders recorded as a hard copy. Moreover, portfolio evaluation is a typical appraisal instrument utilized by English educators in Taiwan. Tsai (2004) and Wang (2002) both demonstrate that educators use portfolio evaluation as an instrument to survey students accomplishment as opposed to improving learning; besides, Wu (2007) calls attention to that as opposed to utilizing portfolios appraisal in a developmental manner most instructors utilize it for summative purposes, regarding recording every student accomplishment. Moreover, Yip (2005) reports that conventional state administered tests remain the principle wellspring of educating and estimating students learning for most English instructors in Taiwan. As can be seen, the capability of study hall appraisal might not have been distinguished in the language evaluation writing and evaluation has not arrived at its maximum capacity in English homerooms in Taiwan. Association of this exploration In the following section, writing on pertinent issues includes definition and elements of study hall evaluation and appraisal of youthful students are surveyed. Strategy of information assortment and investigation and a conversation of moral, legitimacy and unwavering quality issues are presented in Chapter 3, trailed by the introduction of the discoveries and conversation got from the consequences of both survey and meeting information. Section 5 rundowns the exploration discoveries and gives impediments and future research. Part 5: CONCLUSION 5.1 Introduction This examination has investigated instructors mentalities, recognitions, and utilization of appraisal in study halls. In this section, constraints of the investigation will initially be examined, trailed by Implications for instructional method and this examination. 5.2 Limitations of the investigation There are a few constraints and tricky perspectives in the system. Initial, one restriction in this exploration is the little size example (N=30) which may impact the unwavering quality of the outcome corresponding to the correlationship between instructors long stretches of showing experience and their evaluation strategies. Size of the example is vitalã‚â for an exact gauge of the connection between factors. What's more, without study hall perception, it is hard to inspect instructors everyday appraisal practice and the entire procedure of evaluation. Perception assumes a noteworthy job in affirming instructors talk with reactions with their genuine evaluation pra

My Philosophy in Life Essay Topics - An Easy Way to Create Your Own Novel

My Philosophy in Life Essay Topics - An Easy Way to Create Your Own NovelMany high school students today are writing their own personal essays as a way to express themselves, and My Philosophy in Life presents such essays in a fun and creative way. Although the story is told in three different parts, each part does not take more than one or two days to read. It contains no typos or punctuation errors, which makes it even easier for the reader to read. The story will give you inspiration for your own life and could be considered a book report in and of itself.The first part of the My Philosophy in Life Story starts with a brief introduction to the main character, and who is going to be narrating the second part of the story. Then, she goes on to tell of the life of a certain young woman, named Beth, who just so happens to be the narrator of the third part of the story. It also involves the stories of her family and those who have come before.From there, the story gives you a look at h er family life, and how that has changed over the years. It then follows her to adulthood, as she goes on to get married and have children. It explains how she dealt with the disappointments and the challenges she faced, which were difficult for her to deal with, but also provided her with some comfort along the way.The next part of the My Philosophy in Life Story takes a look at the early childhood of Beth, and how she was able to grow up in such a positive manner. It describes her many good traits and some of the things that are known to make people fall in love. In the last part of the story, the author discusses how much Beth has grown over the years, and how she still has a lot to teach others today.The essay topics in this story are unique. Not only is it interesting but it also provides you with excellent information that you can apply to your own life. For example, the information here gives you a sense of what it was like to grow up Beth once you are reading it. You will ge t a feel for what it is like to deal with the challenges in your early life, and how you overcame them.A lot of us do not want to relive the same things over again. We would rather hear other's advice on what it was like to be them and perhaps learn something about ourselves. My Philosophy in Life is an excellent source of such information.One of the best parts of this book is that you will see what it was like to live the life of Beth as it relates to your own life. Each part of the story is well written, and the main characters' unique features are conveyed in such a way that you will come away feeling inspired by the life of the writer and by what the book offers. You will find yourself listening to each of the three parts at least several times during the day.The My Philosophy in Life story is not only educational, but is also enjoyable and entertaining. If you are reading this article, then I assume you are interested in learning more about your life and possibly having a bette r understanding of how to get through difficult times. If you read the first part of the My Philosophy in Life Essay Topics, then you have already experienced the first part of the book.

Social Security in U.S. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 771 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2018/12/19 Category Security Essay Type Admission Essay Level High school Tags: Government Essay United States Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Social security is a program by the federal government that provides an income source for you or your legal dependents that is children, spouse or parents if they qualify for benefits. Also, it can be defined as any of the established measures by legislation to maintain a family or individual income or to provide income when all or some income sources are terminated or disrupted or when hefty expenditures have to be incurred. Social security may offer cash benefits to persons faced with unemployment, sickness, disability, loss of the marital partner, crop failure, and retirement from work or maternity (Livingston, 2008). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Social Security in U.S." essay for you Create order Benefits of social security may be provided in cash or by court order in compensation for claims. Social Security is facing a lot of problems currently in U.S. and serious interventions need to be fixed in determination of its future benefit. Social security faces severe financial challenges. The present structure of the program known as pay as you go will be unsuitable as the number of elderly people receiving benefits rises in coming decades. Social security will be only able to pay a fraction of benefits promised to future retirees unless the program is restructured. Additionally, the increasing costs of social security will damage the economy and create pressures to impose a large increase of tax on workers. Federal policymakers have discussed revamping Social Security for years, but they have not acted on reforms (Moon Conference on Social Accounting for Transfers, 2004). Many other countries have indicated that privatized retirement systems based on personal accounts can benefit retirees, workers, and the overall economy. America has the chance now to phase out the old-fashioned Social Security system based on government control and taxes and move to a system where individuals possess full charge of their future of finances. The problems the Social Security is facing in the US include; A falling worker-to beneficiary ratio; this is due to demographic shift known as the retirement of baby boomers (Moon Conference on Social Accounting for Transfers, 2004). This shows that there wont be enough payroll tax revenue incurred to support the increasing number of beneficiary payments. Another problem the Social security is undergoing is raising life expectancies. There is a proven improved life expectancy, and the architects of Social Security didnt predict that there will be an improvement of life expectancies by as the number evidenced. This has led to people living longer than ever and able to attain social security payments a long period. Furthermore, congressional stalemate is another big issue for social security. Congress doesnt seem to rush to correct what seems to be an imminent shortfall of cash for the program (Livingston, 2008). Consumers will continue to suffer as long as Congress will not make any progress on getting a solution implemented. Also, near- record- low bond yields is another problem since low-interest rates have had the negative impact on people and funds looking to make money from fixed income assets. The recommendation and the operationalization to address these problems is by increasing Social Security taxes. The workers pay 6.3% currently of their earnings into the Social Security system. If that tax rate were increased gradually to 7.3% percent, it would eliminate like half of the Social Security deficit. Lifting the payroll tax cap also is another recommendation. Lifting the payroll tax cap is a popular idea having 69% of Americans supporting the full elimination of the cap. Raising the retirement age to 68 by the year 2028 it would reduce benefit by 6% and eliminate 16% of Social Security funding shortfall (Livingston, 2008). Moreover, The US Social Security Administration should create a data-driven process to support the development of methods in screening criteria for recognizing people at high risk for financial incapability. The U.S. Social Security Administration should also ensure systematic development mechanisms for identifying and responding to changes in the capability of beneficiaries over time. This can be done through implementation of a process to survey beneficiaries and payees periodically that could trigger the important to further investigate the financial capability of the beneficiaries. Conclusion Unless the U.S. acts, the discussed problems and immense demographic changes will bring the Social Security program to its knees. Without action, the presently pledged benefits under Social Security are a promise U.S. cannot keep. Fixing the above recommended options will help to close the challenges facing the Social Security in the United States since it is the foundation of economic security for millions of Americans. References Livingston, S. G. (2008). U.S. social security: A reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. Moon, M., Conference on Social Accounting for Transfers. (2004). Economic transfers in the United States. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

MBA 533 Human Resource Management - 1252 Words

Assignment 1 January 9,2014 MBA 533 Human Resource in Management Strategic initiatives of an organization starts in understanding the importance of people. Some characteristics of strategic HRM are performed by line managers, who are the party responsible for human resources. The objective of a line manager is to improve the understanding and strategic use of human assets. The role of the managers are to lead, inspire the employees and understand them as human beings. There is no set time for the accomplishment of a firm to train an employee to the level the firm wants. Every person is different and some may only need a short period of time to adjust, some may need a intermediate time to adjust and we have others who can take†¦show more content†¦In the job where I am currently working it has been very obvious how some supervisor see an employee as an asset and how other supervisor sees them as a person that comes and goes. Those supervisors that seem not to care for their employees and just lets them go without no signs of caring for the firm are the supervisor who have the worst ratios in turnovers. A managers must have developed leadership skills in order to inspire the workers to achieve the firm goals. If a manager can not inspire the employees to do better each time or to realize the good work their employees are doing than on that aspect is negative for the firm. In order for a top manager to be effective it is important to understand how to develop a strong planning skills. In the firm that I currently work for my manager on a weekly basis sits with our unit to discuss a planner for the week and she is not the only one talking. My manager expects for each one of us in the unit to put our inputs in the weekly planner. That skill proofs that we are also an important assets to the firm and makes us feel that our ideas count. In other organizations that I have work for, the leaders are only for themselves. If you ask to many questions, you feel in the air theShow MoreRelatedStrategic Organization Initiatives vs Hr Approaches Essay794 Words   |  4 PagesASSIGNMENT 1 LARA Z. ALTINOK MBA 533 HUMAN RESOURCE in MANAGEMENT Instructor: Dr. George Zagursky Introduction This paper will analyze two strategic initiatives of an organization and how they match up with the HR approaches. Many organizations realize that it is their people who bring them a competitive advantage in the marketplace. Well planned HR management policies and practices are one of the common denominators of successful organizations. Let us take a look at how two strategicRead MoreKkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk6406 Words   |  26 PagesAutomotive Engineering Advising Document Master of Engineering in Automotive Engineering CURRICULUM Systems Engineering Core Engineering Electives Management and Human Factors Automotive Engineering Seminar and Capstone Project TOTAL PROGRAM: Semester Credit 9 9 6 6 30 The M. Eng. Degree in Automotive Engineering requires a total of 30 credits—27 of which must be letter (A-E) graded. A minimum grade point average of 5.0/9.0 (â€Å"B† average) is required for graduation. 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Reshma Ramesh Nirbhavane Mr. Makarand M. Dharkar Roll no. -15 Roll No. 13 First Year MMS/MBA Student C.K Thakur Institute Management Studies, New Panvel - Navi Mumbai. Reshu87_19@yahoo.com GLOBAL FINANCIAL SYSTEM Definition The global financial system (GFS) is the financial system consisting of institutions and regulators that act on the international level, as opposed to those that act on aRead MoreThe Role of Strategic Groups in Understanding Strategic Human Resource Management15467 Words   |  62 Pagesemeraldinsight.com/0048-3486.htm The role of strategic groups in understanding strategic human resource management Judie M. 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Accessed: 27/11/2011 04:22 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/termsRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesVIEW Strategic Human Resource Management Taken from: Strategic Human Resource Management, Second Edition by Charles R. Greer Copyright  © 2001, 1995 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. 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A Brief Note On The And Central Station Desktop Ehrs

Slide 10: Within nursing practice, assessment, documentation, and communication are the most frequent activities, consuming 18.1%, 9.9%, and 11.8% of nurses time, but with EHR nurses have more time to analyze and deliver patient care. The selection of bedside or central station desktop EHRs will influence documentation time for the two main user groups, physicians and nurses (Vondrak, 2012). Slide 11: Human errors, such as medication errors or allergy errors, are minimized with alerts on the electronic health record. The electronic health record has shown to reduce the number of missing charts (82%), and improves data accessibility to patient records and documentation remotely (75%) (Narisi, 2013). By eliminating paper charting, the EHR makes all patient’s data and information available at all times to all physicians. The EHR improves patient care delivery by reducing the error of hand-written orders and allows for other physicians to access the order. This is great for when the doctor orders a medication to start stat, and puts the order into the EHR, so the nurse can start the medication right away (Palma, 2013). Slide 12: EHR can help detect possible errors in the system. For example, EHR alerts providers of possible conflict in medications that were prescribed to patients. In a case of emergency when a patient is unconscious and not able to communicate, clinicians can pull the patient’s medical history from the EHR in order to better treat the patient. With the EHRShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 Pagespaper) ISBN-10: 0-13-214632-0 (alk. paper) 1. Management information systems. I. Brown, Carol V. (Carol Vanderbilt), 1945T58.6.M3568 2012 658.4038011—dc22 2010048598 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-214632-0 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-214632-6 BRIEF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Managing IT in a Digital World PART I Information Technology Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 1 17 Computer Systems 19 Telecommunications and Networking The Data Resource 95 60 PART II Applying Information

Internal Audit Function Quality and Contribution †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Internal Audit Function Quality and Contribution. Answer: Introduction: The report is prepared to define the concepts of internal control system of organization and the extent of responsibility of management in handling such system. Importance of external auditor in the internal control system has also been demonstrated in the report. Report is prepared by referring to the case study on OLZ plc that is a manufacturing company. The weakness of internal control system of company and its possible impact on the financial records of company has also been explained in the report. Weakness of internal control system of company is explained in terms of likely impact on accounting figures and financial records. Later part of report discusses the recommendations for improving the purchase system procedures and control environment. Internal control system is the systematic measurement and procedures that is effected by management, directors and other personnel of organization for providing reasonable assurance of the objectives of organization in relation to financial reporting and operational effectiveness and efficiency. It can be said that it is a system that helps in providing reasonable assurance about three categories of objectives of organization namely operations effectiveness, financial reporting liability and compliance with applicable regulations and laws. Internal control systems of organization are preventive, corrective and detective. Preventive internal control systems are designed for keeping irregularities and efforts form occurrence in the first place (Alzeban and Sawan 2015). Corrective internal control systems are designed for correcting detected irregularities. On other hand, detective internal control system helps in detecting irregularities that might have occurred. The objectives of inte rnal control are desired conditions and gaols that minimizing the potential of unauthorized, waste, loss and occurrence of misappropriation. In order to form an effective control system, they must be in compliance and must be observable and measurable. The control objectives involve completeness, authorization, physical safeguard, accuracy, segregation of duties and handling of errors (Newton et al. 2015). Responsibility of management concerning internal control system: Management of organizations has the responsibility of maintaining the adequate internal control system by properly communicating the duties and expectations of staffs of control environment. The management can address some of the major areas of framework of internal control system. Moreover, they are responsible for system development to control and monitor risks. Management monitors the independent assurance functions. Operations, compliance and objectives of financial reporting are the responsibility of management and therefore providing reasonable assurance is internal control system adequacy (Boyle et al. 2015). Identification of risks along with maintaining, establishing and monitoring the system of internal control forms the management responsibility. Furthermore, the strategic direction of the obligations and agency in relation to the accountability such as implementation, operation and design of internal control system is an important area of concern of management. They need to be attentive and aware of risk management and other issues relating to internal control and documenting any risk and key areas. The given case study on OLC Plc depicts that the purchase order is generated by the employment of computer system that are automatically programmed for indication whenever there are minimum levels of inventory. The management of organization is responsible for pre determining the level of inventories. Purchasing director is involved in reviewing the purchasing order along with accounting for products previous price. Moreover, updating of inventory record system is done by computer input documents that are filed in the office of purchasing director. It can be seen from the analysis of case study that the filing of input document goes through proper documenting procedures that involves manager as well as accountants and clerks (Domingues et al. 2015). Some other officers that are involved in filing the documentation of invoice slips are office junior clerk and accountants clerks. Moreover, there is a proper procedures of all the transactions related to purchase. Therefore, it can be sa id that the internal control system of OLC Plc involves decision of management such as purchasing director at several levels. However, there exist some loopholes in the system of internal control relating to purchase order. It can be seen from the case study that the purchase order invoice is approved by office junior files until the end of week. It can be said that there exist time gap in such approval process that can be regarded as one of the problems of internal control system (Pizzini et al. 2014). The agency control system does not incorporate external auditors and they cannot be a supplement to an adequate internal control system. External auditors have the responsibility of providing independent assurance and accountability to external stakeholders. However, the reliance decision of external auditors has implications of effectiveness and efficiency on the overall functioning of audit and important economic consequence. For conducting the works of external audits and the increased scope and capability of internal audit, work has made external auditors relying on work of internal audit. In addition to this, the unnecessary duplication of audit procedures can be avoided by relying on internal auditing. This provides internal auditors with certain benefits along with external auditors. Compared to external auditors, internal auditors have more knowledge about the policies, procedures and business environment of company (Michelon et al. 2015). Therefore, in order to maintain the reality of independence and appearance, auditors must reconcile the advantage of relying on internal auditing. The internal control system and the audit plan of company along with development of internal audit function require the coordination of both external as well as internal auditors. Identified Weakness in the internal control system of OLC Plc: Augmentation of internal control system of the company can help in improvement of the can be produced on a daily basis control environment (Schaltegger Burritt, 2017). As mentioned in the given case study it can be hereby mentioned that approved invoices are registered at the week end and subsequently the same is passed on accounts professional of the company. There is no regular scrutiny as against records of the computer that in turn can be considered to be a weakness of the system of control of the corporation as regards systems of purchase. Again, the junior clerk carries out the process of reconciliation as against the records maintained in the computer. This can be considered to be a weakness of the control system of the organization as this process of reconciliation of ledgers needs to be carried out in a regular basis for the purpose of averting unauthorized purchasing by the firm (Mahadeen et al., 2016). In essence, this can be considered to be a weakness as improper alterations to different incorrect account can direct the way towards misappropriation of funds. The case study reflects the fact that the purchasing director signs and thereafter forwards the document to the pertinent supplier. There is no segregation and separation of duties in the identified phases of business (Aziz et al., 2015). Accordingly, it can be hereby said that different functionalities involved in the process of buying are not assigned to different people. There is only a single person who has the entire control over the process of buying actions. As mentioned in the case study, there is no inspection carried out during the time when Purchasing Director, authorises and there after forwards the document to the respective suppliers. Impact of such weakness on financial records of OLC Plc: It has been ascertained from the case study analysis that there is no inspection in the process of recording the printed orders of purchase invoices. Weakness related to internal control can be regarded as primary factor for the occurrence of fraud. If there is no adequate inspection in the process of internal control, this can lead to improper recording of financial figures and thereby misrepresenting the financial information of company (MaAyan and Carmeli 2016). One of the weaknesses that have been identified in the internal control system of company is lack of duties segregation. Segregation of duties is considered as one of the key concepts in placing the internal control over the assets of company. If duties are not segregated properly, this might lead to improper recording of business transactions that would have considerable impact on the financial statements of company. Segregation of duties does not enable execution of conflicting sensitive transactions that has the potential to influence the financial statements. Absence of such framework of duties segregation can be one of the causes of failure of internal control system and manipulation of financial statements and thereby adverse impact of the financial records o company (Burt 2016). Furthermore, it is ascertained from the case study analysis that management team of company determines the levels of minimum level of inventory. Proper scrutinization is considered as the pre requisite for the preparation of financial statements of company for its usage by investors and other stakeholders of company. If there is no appropriate scrutiny in the system of internal control system, there will not be correct recording and explanation of financial transactions pertaining to organization (He et al. 2017). This would not lead to presentation of true and fair view of financial statements of OLC Plc. Internal control weaknesses can be observed from the system of purchases of the organization (Michelon et al., 2015). As per the given case study it can be hereby mentioned that approved invoices are registered at the week end and thereafter the same is passed on accounts professional of the company. In this connection, it can be said that report from the purchasing department for accounting the specific sequence of several pre-numbered requisitions of purchase along with orders with respective delivery docket in order to ensure that all are bought and arrived. In addition to this, processes on selection of supplier have the need to be founded on overall quality, terms as well as delivery time together with prices. Again, management of the corporation might possibly consider preparation as well as presentation of pronouncements on a regular basis from specifically the professional responsible for registering Goods Inward (Bilman et al., 2017). This can particularly take into consider ation the specific sequence of various delivery dockets with respective Receiving Report Document to ascertain different items have been accepted by the firm. At the end of the week, in case if a specific invoice cannot be aligned and matched to a specific GRN, the low-ranking accounts professional of the firm scrutinizes the same and matches it against the records in the computer. This is mainly undertaken for the purpose of making certain that an order has been properly generated by the computer. In essence, when this is the case, then the invoice gets approved in the normal manner. In this regard, it can be said that there is requirement for proper management of time to carry out the process of marching on a regular interval (Afiah Azwari, 2015). As mentioned in the case study, printed orders of the company are analysed by the Purchasing Director, authorised and there after forwarded to the respective suppliers. Subsequently, a three part document of input namely Goods Received Note is carried out, illustrating supplier, delivered items and the total number of purchased units. This case study therefore does not talk about any kind of inspection during this process. Therefore, there is need to have signature and approval of the inspection clerk on each one of the delivery docket and the respective documents on receiving docket implying that different items accepted are in proper condition (Newton et al., 2015). Essentially, written report presented on any one of the items accepted with any damage along with defects has the need to be provided to executive of the purchasing department of the corporation for getting in touch with the corresponding suppliers to settle the identified issue (Leimbach et al., 2016). Bearing in mind the weaknesses of the system of purchasing, the management of the firm might possible consider segregating the duties for handling the purchasing system. There is no separation and segregation of duties as per the mentioned study. Essentially, this can help in making certain the fact that there is appropriate separation and segregation of duties, allocate associated functions of buying to diverse individuals (Guo et al., 2015). Basically, with appropriate segregation of duties, no single individual attains entire control over the process of purchasing. It can be said that instead of having a single junior client, the best exercise would be to have diverse individuals for undertaking the processes of approving purchases (Leimbach et al., 2016). The exercise also involves receiving various ordered materials, sanctioning specific payment invoices, assessing, at the same time reconcile firms financial records, and undertake counts of inventory. Moreover, management of the firm has the need to scrutinize accountability, process of authorization along with system of validation. Audit association might consider maintenance of accountability at the time of authorizing, assessing as well as approving various purchases founded on signed contracts, terms of contracts along with purchase order (Afiah Azwari, 2015). Therefore, the management of the corporation might possibly take into consideration proper maintenance of compliance with ethical ways of purchasing, assessment of authorization of signature on a periodic basis (Chen et al., 2017). Also they can acquire pre-approval of consultant and validate receipts of both goods as well as services against agreements. The case study shows that orders of the company are necessarily generated by the corporation for reacting at the time when there is minimum level of inventory. This shows that there is lack of scrutiny at this stage. This reflects that there might be unauthorized, unnec essary else wise fraudulent purchases. Also there might be unauthorised work that can be undertaken by suppliers. Furthermore, as the junior clerk checks with the computer records once in a week as mentioned in the case study, management might consider reconciliation of ledgers at regular basis for maintenance of accuracy of the registered business transactions (Afiah Azwari, 2015). Again, it is also important to monitor to make certain that the invoices of the purchases made in a very timely manner. Conclusion: In conclusion, it can be said that the current study helps in gaining comprehensive understanding regarding internal controls in a specific organization with special orientation to the case of OLZ plc. The current segment also helps in delving deep into the accountabilities of management concerning the internal control system with special emphasis on purchasing system of the company OLZ Plc. This study also carries out thorough analysis of the purchasing system that again helps in evaluating the weaknesses of the internal control system of the company. Essentially, this helps in illustrating probable influences on the financial pronouncements of the firm in case if the system is permitted to operate in the current state. Moving further, the study presents the appropriate suggestions to enhance the overall control environment with reference to the identified issues of control in the system of purchasing. References list: Afiah, N.N. Azwari, P.C., (2015). The effect of the implementation of government internal control system (GICS) on the quality of financial reporting of the local government and its impact on the principles of good governance: A research in district, city, and provincial government in South Sumatera.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,211, pp.811-818. Alzeban, A. and Sawan, N., 2015. The impact of audit committee characteristics on the implementation of internal audit recommendations.Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation,24, pp.61-71. Aziz, M.A.A., Ab Rahman, H., Alam, M.M. Said, J., (2015). Enhancement of the accountability of public sectors through integrity system, internal control system and leadership practices: A review study.Procedia Economics and Finance,28, pp.163-169. Bilman, E., van Kleef, E. van Trijp, H., (2017). External cues challenging the internal appetite control systemOverview and practical implications.Critical reviews in food science and nutrition,57(13), pp.2825-2834. Boyle, D.M., DeZoort, F.T. and Hermanson, D.R., 2015. The effects of internal audit report type and reporting relationship on internal auditors' risk judgments.Accounting Horizons,29(3), pp.695-718. Burt, I., 2016. An understanding of the differences between internal and external auditors in obtaining information about internal control weaknesses.Journal of Management Accounting Research,28(3), pp.83-99. Chen, J., Chan, K. C., Dong, W., Zhang, F. (2017). Internal control and stock price crash risk: evidence from China.European Accounting Review,26(1), 125-152. Domingues, J.P.T., Sampaio, P. and Arezes, P.M., 2015. Analysis of integrated management systems from various perspectives.Total Quality Management Business Excellence,26(11-12), pp.1311-1334. Guo, J., Huang, P., Zhang, Y. Zhou, N., (2015). The effect of employee treatment policies on internal control weaknesses and financial restatements.The Accounting Review,91(4), pp.1167-1194. He, X., Pittman, J.A., Rui, O.M. and Wu, D., 2017. Do social ties between external auditors and audit committee members affect audit quality?.The Accounting Review,92(5), pp.61-87. Leimbach, R.L., Overmyer, M.D. Adams, S.R., Ethicon LLC, (2016).Articulation control system for articulatable surgical instruments. U.S. Patent 9,351,726. MaAyan, Y. and Carmeli, A., 2016. Internal audits as a source of ethical behavior, efficiency, and effectiveness in work units.Journal of business ethics,137(2), pp.347-363. Mahadeen, B., Al-Dmour, R.H., Obeidat, B.Y. Tarhini, A., (2016). Examining the effect of the Organizations Internal Control System on Organizational Effectiveness: A Jordanian empirical study.International Journal of Business Administration,7(6), p.22. Michelon, G., Bozzolan, S. Beretta, S., (2015). Board monitoring and internal control system disclosure in different regulatory environments.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,16(1), pp.138-164. Michelon, G., Bozzolan, S. and Beretta, S., 2015. Board monitoring and internal control system disclosure in different regulatory environments.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,16(1), pp.138-164. Newton, N. J., Persellin, J. S., Wang, D., Wilkins, M. S. (2015). Internal control opinion shopping and audit market competition.The Accounting Review,91(2), 603-623. Newton, N.J., Persellin, J.S., Wang, D. and Wilkins, M.S., 2015. Internal control opinion shopping and audit market competition.The Accounting Review,91(2), pp.603-623. Pizzini, M., Lin, S. and Ziegenfuss, D.E., 2014. The impact of internal audit function quality and contribution on audit delay.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), pp.25-58. Schaltegger, S., Burritt, R. (2017).Contemporary environmental accounting: issues, concepts and practice. Routledge.

The Celtic Tiger period Essays - Europe, Economic History Of Ireland

The Celtic Tiger period The Celtic Tiger was used as a symbol to describe the booming economy of Ireland specifically during the time period between 1997 and 2007 The Irish economy in the 1980's through the 1990's was steadily increasing , to become one of the world's most rapidly growing . (3) During this time of economic boom people from around the world began to move back to their ancestral roots in Ireland for employment . As unemployment went down from 20% in the late 1980's to 4% in 2007. ( 4) The Irish economy was at its peak during the period between 1997-2007; and was thus named the " Celtic Tiger ." Ireland moved from being one of the poorest countries in Europe to one of the richest in only a matter of years . (5) One of the main reasons Irelands ' economy grew so much was due to job creation . Having low tax rates , specifically in the corporate world , helped to attract many investors to Ireland . (5) Ireland also began to offer free higher education to EU citizens . (2) Which thus created many new job opportunities . In only of span of fifteen years (1990-2005) the employment rate in Ireland went from 1.1 million to 1.9 million . (5) Irelands ' trading market began to expanded internationally ; which attracted many people to Ireland for work . With more jobs and a growing economy , many Irish began to turn to development . After Ireland experience a wave of emigration , developers went so far as to began to build houses for what they hoped a second wave of immigrants to Ireland would buy . (9) In order to pay for these houses , developers used loans from Irish banks. Lending from banks for development rose from 5.5 billion euros in 1999; to 96.2 billion euros in 2007. HYPERLINK "https://www.mtholyoke.edu/falve22h/classweb/recession/recession/Sources.html" \o "Sources.html" (9) Developers , Irish banks , and the Irish government alike saw this as a huge opportunity for expanding the celtic tiger . At the end of 2006, instead of worrying about the amounting debt , Prime Minister Bertie Ahern stated , "The boom is getting boomier ." (9) reason of crash Ireland's successful economy was followed by a major increase in real estate and commercial development in the 2000's. (1) This increase in development was supported by thousands of loans with Irish banks. Some of the biggest banks involved with such loans were the Anglo Irish Bank, the Allied Irish Banks , and the Bank of Ireland . (2) To add fuel to the fire banks offered low interest rates , while the Irish government offered low corporate tax rates ; leading to even more loans and an even greater increase in development . (3) Construction made up 25% of Irelands GDP in 2006, and the construction industry employed nearly 20% of the workforce . (9) The major reliance on the construction industry put Ireland's economy in a very unbalanced position . When a recession hit in 2008, individuals and developers who had taken out loans from these banks found that they could not repay them . Leaving many of the Irish banks with overwhelming debts . (3) To add to this problem because of the recession , the prices of properties deflated causing even more debt . This debt caused many developers to have to abandon their projects , and now abandoned developments can be seen across Ireland . A photographer took pictures of these " ghost homes " and combined with a handful of architect came up with an interesting idea to do with them ; HYPERLINK "https://www.mtholyoke.edu/falve22h/classweb/recession/recession/Video/Video.html" \o "Video/Video.html" click to watch the video here. ( Under Bright Ideas for a Currently Dim Future ). credit rating

Battle of Agincourt - Hundred Years War

Battle of Agincourt - Hundred Years' War Battle of Agincourt: Date Conflict: The Battle of Agincourt was fought October 25, 1415, during the Hundred Years War (1337-1453). Armies Commanders: English King Henry Vapprox. 6,000-8,500 men French Constable of France Charles dAlbretMarshal Boucicautapprox. 24,000-36,000 men Battle of Agincourt - Background: In 1414, King Henry V of England began discussions with his nobles regarding renewing the war with France to assert his claim on the French throne. He held this claim through his grandfather, Edward III who begun the Hundred Years War in 1337. Initially reluctant, they encouraged the king to negotiate with the French. In doing so, Henry was willing to renounce his claim to the French throne in exchange for 1.6 million crowns (the outstanding ransom on French King John II - captured at Poitiers in 1356), as well as French recognition of English dominion over occupied lands in France. These included Touraine, Normandy, Anjou, Flanders, Brittany, and Aquitaine. To seal the deal, Henry was willing to marry the young daughter of the chronically insane King Charles VI, Princess Catherine, if he received a dowry of 2 million crowns.  Believing these demands too high, the French countered with a dowry of 600,000 crowns and an offer to cede lands in Aquitaine.  Negotiations quickly stalled as the French refused to increase the dowry. With talks deadlocked and feeling personally insulted by French actions, Henry successfully asked for war on April 19, 1415. Assembling an army of around, Henry crossed the Channel with around 10,500 men and landed near Harfleur on August 13/14. Battle of Agincourt - Moving to Battle: Quickly investing Harfleur, Henry hoped to take the city as a base before advancing east to Paris and then south to Bordeaux. Meeting a determined defense, the siege lasted longer than the English had initially hoped and Henrys army was beset by a variety of diseases such as dysentery. When the city finally fell on September 22, the majority of the campaigning season had passed. Assessing his situation, Henry elected to move northeast to his stronghold at Calais where the army could winter in safety. The march was also intended to demonstrate his right to rule Normandy. Leaving a garrison at Harfleur, his forces departed on October 8. Hoping to move quickly, the English army left their artillery and much of the baggage train as well as carried limited provisions. While the English were occupied at Harfleur, the French struggled to raise an army to oppose them. Gathering forces at Rouen, they were not ready by the time the city fell. Pursuing Henry, the French sought to blockade the English along the River Somme. These maneuvers proved somewhat successful as Henry was forced to turn southeast to seek an uncontested crossing. As a result, food became scarce in the English ranks. Finally crossing the river at Bellencourt and Voyenes on October 19, Henry pressed on towards Calais. The English advance was shadowed by the growing French army under the nominal command of Constable Charles dAlbret and Marshal Boucicaut. On October 24, Henrys scouts reported that the French army had moved across their path and was blocking the road to Calais. Though his men were starving and suffering from disease, he halted and formed for battle along a ridge between the woods of Agincourt and Tramecourt. In a strong position, his archers drove stakes into the ground to protect against cavalry attack. Battle of Agincourt - Formations: Though Henry did not desire battle due to being badly outnumbered, he understood that the French would only grow stronger. In deploying, men under the Duke of York formed the English right, while Henry led the center and Lord Camoys commanded the left.  Occupying the open ground between the two woods, the English line of men at arms was four ranks deep. The archers assumed positions on the flanks with another group possibly being located in the center. Conversely the French were eager for battle and anticipated victory. Their army formed in three lines with dAlbret and Boucicault leading the first with the Dukes of Orleans and Bourbon. The second line was led by the Dukes of Bar and Alenà §on and the Count of Nevers. Battle of Agincourt - The Armies Clash: The night of October 24/25 was marked by heavy rain which turned the newly plowed fields in the area into a muddy quagmire. As the sun rose, the terrain favored the English as the narrow space between the two woods worked to negate the French numerical advantage. Three hours passed and the French, awaiting reinforcements and perhaps having learned from their defeat at Crà ©cy, did not attack. Forced to make the first move, Henry took a risk and advanced between the woods to within extreme range for his archers. The French failed to strike with the English were vulnerable (Map). As a result, Henry was able to establish a new defensive position and his archers were able to fortify their lines with stakes. This done, they unleashed a barrage with their longbows. With the English archers filling the sky with arrows, the French cavalry began a disorganized charge against the English position with the first line of men-at-arms following. Cut down by the archers, the cavalry failed to breach the English line and succeeded in doing little more than churning the mud between the two armies. Hemmed in by the woods, they retreated through the first line weakening its formation. Slogging forward through the mud, the French infantry was exhausted by the exertion while also taking losses from the English archers. Reaching the English men-at-arms, they were able to initially push them back. Rallying, the English soon began inflicting heavy losses as the terrain prevented the greater French numbers from telling. The French were also hampered by the press of numbers from the side and behind which limited their ability to attack or defend effectively. As the English archers expended their arrows, they drew swords and other weapons and began attacking the French flanks. As a melee developed, the second French line joined the fray. As the battle raged, dAlbret was killed and sources indicate that Henry played an active role at the front. Having defeated the first two French lines, Henry remained wary as the third line, led by the Counts of Dammartin and Fauconberg, remained a threat. The only French success during the fighting came when Ysembart dAzincourt led a small force in a successful raid on the English baggage train. This, along with the menacing actions of the remaining French troops, led Henry to order the killing of the majority of his prisoners to prevent them from attacking should the battle resume. Though criticized by modern scholars, this action was accepted as necessary at the time. Assessing the massive losses already sustained, the remaining French troops departed the area. Battle of Agincourt - Aftermath: Casualties for the Battle of Agincourt are not known with certainty, though many scholars estimate the French suffered 7,000-10,000 with another 1,500 nobles taken prisoner. English losses are generally accepted to be around 100 and perhaps as high as 500. Though he had won a stunning victory, Henry was unable to press home his advantage due to the weakened state of his army. Reaching Calais on October 29, Henry returned to England the following month where he was greeted as a hero. Though it would take several more years of campaigning to achieve his goals, the devastation wrought upon the French nobility at Agincourt made Henrys later efforts easier. In 1420, he was able to conclude the Treaty of Troyes which recognized him as the regent and heir to the French throne. Selected Sources History of War: Battle of Agincourt

Tate & Lyle Sugar to Be Fair-Trade Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 15

Tate & Lyle Sugar to Be Fair-Trade - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that during the growth stages of a product, the product manufacturers should focus more on devising specific strategies for maintaining growth. During this stage; â€Å"more competitors will enter the market, companies increase the number of product offerings in order to differentiate themselves from competitors, the prices may begin to fall and the emphasis may shift from moderate to heavy advertising and promotion activities†(Planning: Middle Growth Stage, 2010). Tate & Lyle’s product Granulated white sugar is in the growth stage of its product life cycle and hence it may severe completion from the market as more and more competitors may enter the market for reaping the profit. It is difficult for Tate & Lyle to sell their product for a higher price even though the sales volume and public awareness may increase.  Tate & Lyle needs to elaborate on their distribution or logistics channels in order to reach more remote customer s during the growth stage of their product, Granulated white sugar. Moreover, the expenditure on promotional activities and advertising should be increased in order to tackle the efforts of competitors. Even though the sales of Granulated white sugar may increase during the growth stage, the expenditure for maintaining the growth phase would be more than any other stages of the entire life cycle of the product.

Health & Safety Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Health & Safety Management - Essay Example Examples of chemical hazards include benzene, hydrogen sulphide, etc. Ergonomic hazards arise when there is a mismatch between the task being performed and the human abilities. Examples of ergonomic hazards include lifting or pushing heavy objects. Physical hazards are forms of energy that can adversely affect the health and safety of an employee by their interaction with the human body. Examples of physical hazards include noise, radiation, etc. Psychosocial hazards arise by interaction of employees with peers or other people. Examples of psychosocial hazards include stress. Occupational health hazards, such as the ones described above have chronic effects and symptoms often take long time to develop or become apparent. Examples of adverse health effects arising from such hazards include asbestosis; a form or lung cancer that develops from inhalation of asbestos fibres, noise induced hearing loss; a permanent form of loss in hearing caused by prolonged exposure to noise, repetitive strain injuries; a form of musculoskeletal disorders caused by repetition of strenuous work, stress; caused by social interaction, or illness caused by E. coli infection. Some health effects, such as asbestosis or noise induced hearing loss take long time to become apparent and are often late for remedial action. Other risks exist in the working environments that have acute effects on the health and safety of employees. These hazards arise from unsafe conditions that exist in the working environment. Examples of such hazards include trips and falls, accidents, etc. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) has reported cases of adverse health effects from virtually every hazard that exists in the working environment. These hazards not only adversely affect the health and safety of employees, but also cause lost time to employers and costs in terms of compensation or treatment. Many of these hazards have caused fatalities and permanent disabilities. Such losses affect the

Organisational Culture The Case Of Daimler Management Essay

Organisational Culture The Case Of Daimler Management Essay Introduction Organizational or corporate culture is deliberated as one of the vital conflicts and dilemmas as well as subjects that are relevant in academic research as well as education giving deliberation on the corporate and business theory and management applications. The main basis and grounds behind this is the notion that the determinant and attribute of the culture is deliberated as valuable in entire life of corporations and business. Even in those corporate and business where in cultural conflicts and dilemmas take delivery of little precise deliberation, how individuals in a firm perceive, experience, analyze as well as operate are all presented and forwarded by diverse ideologies, sense, significance and also customs and elements of a cultural nature. Whether management perceive that culture is deliberated as too soft or too hard to worry about or whether there is no limited and confined corporate culture, does not lessen the essence of culture (Alvesson 2002). Accordingly, senior corporate management are almanners, in one manner or another, manage and administer culture and deliberated as the most significant notion to be implicated by an industry. Those corporations and industries that are working numbers of diverse management may help in the expansion of building up and copying a culture that will honor and observe the indicator of performance as well as the operations and functions about the process of handling of these. In most of the modern business organization, corporate culture deliberates different types of attention that is deliberated as crucial. The issues is that management are often missing of a deeper comprehension about own individuals and corporate and business will function concerning the culture. It is significant to deliberate the notion that culture is a vital and complex because it is very complex to comprehend and apply in the thoughtful manner. Awareness of and attention in culture can be adjusts between management as well as automotive industry. However, it is still considered hard to get hold of a high level of cultural awareness direct actions (Alvesson 2002). Primarily, the principal objective of this report is to assess the organizational culture of Daimler and identify the issues and problems faced by the management of the automotive industry concerning cultural and diversity issues. Since one of the most talked about Cultural diversity management is the one which Daimler and Chrysler has considered, it is best to analyze the issues that cultural diversity have brought the industry after the Cultural diversity management. Organizational Culture There is no broad concurrence concerning on what the expression organizational or corporate culture explains as well as delivers. The term has been considered in diverse manners, which consist: as a metaphor, as a principle body that relays and associates to the corporate and business as a whole or a set of behavioral or cognitive characteristics. Furthermore, It also visible and evident in diverse determinant and attributes which consist determinant and attributes, symbols, myths, languages, norms of behavior, beliefs, customs, values, ethical codes, legends, as well as attitudes, basic assumptions or event the past of the corporations and businesses. As mentioned by Morgan (1997), the corporate culture has basically four significant strengths. The first strength emphasizes the attention on the human side of corporate and business condition and life. On the other hand, another strength gives consideration on the significance of harmonious internal relations among the members of the corporate and business, that in turn will result to the attainment of objectives and goals. It also makes the members, specifically the corporate and business leaders to analyze themselves in terms of the implications they have on the group. The last one is it develops the corporate and business relationship not only internally but also externally with the implications of the behavior on the outside environment. Various studies such as White (1998) and Hibbard (1998) have given emphasis more on defining values as the core foundation of corporate culture. Whilst such values are significant determinants or determinants of corporate culture, other studies and investigations have shown that corporate as well as business differ more on practices rather than on their values (Hofstede, 2001, p. 394). Such contrary results were determined and found among national culture. In the study by Hofstede (2001), the author has been able to explain that values are derived from an individuals early life, chiefly from his or her own family. This then supports the notions that corporate culture is founded by industrial and institutional practices. Typically, values are not openly apparent for staffs and management. However, in some part, values are expressed through industrial practices. Hence, they can be obtained from emerging corporate and business practices found within the corporate and business, its depar tment or individual work units. It also relays and associated on the outline of attitudes, principles as well as academic manners of adjusting with knowledge that have enhanced during the manner of the record of the corporations and business, which have a propensity to be visible and obvious in its material aspects as well as in the performance and function of the members. Hence, it is deliberated as the outline of valuable statements that have proceeded well sufficient to be able to be deliberated as suitable, hence, it is vital to be trained to latest members as the precise technique to differentiate and identify, reflect and experience in connection to dilemmas and issues of outer variation and inner collaboration(Maier 2004). Based on this, it is deliberated as the shared values, customs and norms and also the expectations that guide the manner in which individuals approach their work, at the same time collaborate with one another. Organizational or corporate culture is diverse from that of the world culture; t his is due to those associated on the shared histories, foods, languages, beliefs which are deliberated as the basis and foundation of the identity of an individual. The personal culture influences how a person is deciding on a specific happening as well as conditions that they are encountering. Identifying the organizational or corporate culture entails being able to give emphasis on the identification of the universal references of the corporations and business. Organizational or corporate culture has been measured as a compound events and happenings. It is very apparent and clear in the behavioral traditions and backgrounds, concealed statements and also as human nature. Furthermore, the value and worth of presenting corporate and business culture from diverse levels, together with idea and creations, values as well as fundamental postulations (Oden, 1997). The extend in which organizational or corporate culture is consciously as well as overtly rather than unconsciously and covertly manifest, implicates how easily organizational or corporate culture can be changed and managed. When organizational or corporate culture change involves changing surface-level behavioral norms as well as object and piece, it can happen with connected easiness. At the authentic levels of organizational or corporate culture, purpose suppositions, ideas, as well as human nature, it is very complex and consuming to consider changes in organizational or corporate cu lture. The process of considering and varying organizational or corporate culture is being influenced by diverse level of corporate and business culture under deliberation (De Witte Muijen 2000). Overview of Daimler One of the successful automotive industries in the global market is Daimler AG. Having its divisions of brands such as Daimler Trucks, Mercedes-Bens Vans, Mercedes Bens Cars, Daimler financial services, Daimler Buses, the industry is considered to be one of the biggest manufacturers of premium cars and vehicles as well as the biggest producers of the commercials automotive vehicles with a global market reach. On the other hand, the Financial Services division of the automotive industry offers their clients with a full range of automotive financial services which include leasing, financing, insuring and fleet management. The founders of the industry have been able to create a history by inventing the automotive in 1886. Being the pioneer for automotives, the automotive industry continues to mold the future of mobility. Daimler group of automotive industry consider innovative and green technologies to be able to generate safe as well as superior automotives that fascinate as well as sa tisfy their clients. Due to the development of alternative drive determinant and attributes, the automotive industry is noted to be the only producer of vehicles that invests in hybrid drive, electric motors as well as fuel-cell approaches, with the objective of attaining emission-free mobility for the long run. Such is just one of the examples of showing how the automotive industry eagerly accepts and considers challenge of meeting their corporate social responsibilities for the environment and the society. The automotive industry is selling their services and vehicles in nearly all the nations in the global market and has manufacturing plans and facilities on the five continents. The current brand portfolio involve, as part of the global masters most valuable automotive brands, Mercedes-Benz, the brands smart which includes the Fuso, Setra, Western Star, Maybach, Feirghtliner, Thomas Built Buses and Orion. Part of the technique and approach of the automotive industry is to merge and acquire different automotive industry to position the industry in the global market and to grasp competitive position in the world market. PEST Analysis It can be noted that the automotive industry has been dependent on global business climate as well as its cycles. Accordingly, the car industries have boomed through 1990s, but due to the Asian crisis as well as the beginning worldwide recession for the new generation, there was a slight slump which has been predicted. To comprehend the organisational culture of Daimler, Pest Analysis will be considered. The following figure shows the analysis of the political, economical, socio-cultural and technological determinant and attributes affecting Daimler. Figure 1 PEST Analysis One of the political factor that affects Daimler is the different taxations surrounding European market which lead to re-imports. Herein, the vehicles are being bought abroad, re-imported to the local market which affects the prices. In the period of economical problems, clients do not substitute their cars. On one hand, there are some brands and cars which are common in the market which express a new way of lifestyle. In terms of technological determinant and attributes, automotive industry nowadays are becoming quick in terms of business standards and consider shortened product life cycles. On one hand, to be able to cope with the environmental aspects, further consolidation of the automotive industry are expected. Aside from PEST analysis, the automotive industry will also be analyzed through the consideration of Porters five Forces model. Figure 2 Porters Five Forces Model Consequently, it can be considered that the most critical are the relations to buyers and suppliers. In Germany, for instance, the supplier of Fords for door-locks is Kieckert which stopped its supply to be able to force ford to pay more which paralysed the production of the automotive industry. On one hand, the buyers from different parts of the world tend to change from one brand to another, due to the differences in the model and look as well as other features. Cultural Issues In Strategic New management and corporations In order to position them in the global market, Daimler Benz has acquired American Chrysler. Accordingly, the sudden acquisition of Daimler Benz to Chrysler has happened because most of the leaders and the management of Chrysler have chosen to retire or leave. Aside from this, most of the functions and operations of the Daimler have been moved to Germany. Consequently, due to this decision the new automotive industry has encountered different cultural issues due to the cultural diversity. One of the most essential determinant and attributes to consider is the organisational cultural determinant and attributes. Consequently, it can be considered that since Daimler and Chrysler was based in different countries with different culture (Germany and America), these automotive industries have some cultural variations, diversities and differences. Though the automotive industry does not almanners hire new staffs and management, the standards of the corporation including its beliefs, practices and purpose, can powerfully affect the staffs and management and its managements. Relevant studies have claimed that strong cultures help the generation as well as maintenance of corporations competitive edge and stability. In the case of Daimler and its acquisition with a new corporation, it can consider that due to the cultural diversities and differences, the diversity management has not been successful. Due to their diversities, both automotive industries have lacked commitment with the Cultural diversity management. With this, many on the German staffs and staffs and management from Daimler saw this acquisition as a temporary determinant and attribute; hence, they did not even bother of improving relationship with their American counterpart. The cultural consequences become specifically apparent in cross national operations, mergers as well as acquisitions, where not only diverse corporate cultures but also corporate cultures rooted in various national cultures meet like in what happened with Daimler. The inability of the staffs and management to comprehend the culture of each other has lead to disruptive tensions which affects the new management of both automotive industries. These have been described in terms of the concepts of acculturative stress or culture clashes. The dilemmas mostly result from the introduction of new management approaches that are incongruent with the values underlying the emerging practices, which happens in Daimler and Chrysler. Even both automotive industries have been aware of the cultural diversity between German Engineering and Cowboy Independence, both companies often compromised instead of considering digital decisions. Accordingly, cultural clashes happen because there are no clear guidelines and roles in the industry about who had accountabilities and who not. Research and development units have been separated for a long time. Issues happened because of the inability of the management to fulfill one of the crucial aspects. Since it is part of the business cultures in German to give commands instead of discussing it with other members, the managers from Germany have decided in most cases, leaving the management of the acqu ired corporation staggered. Figure 3 Alternative Solution From the definition of change management and organizational cultural, the relation between the two have become very significance, particularly, the management of change in a corporation may involve changes in terms of practices, leadership, technology as well as operations of the corporation. These determinants on the other hand are founded by the conventional culture, values and beliefs of the corporation. They are then greatly affected by the corporations culture. Hence, bringing about transitions and modifications to these activities will not be efficient if the core values or culture of the corporation is not identified first. Understanding that the original principles that make these corporation functions work will then make change implementation easier and more efficient. As mentioned by Ramsey (2004) various management principles that are part of a corporations culture, should be taken into consideration for change management. generally these principles consider and involve values such as ethics, trust and loyalty, communication, leadership which include subsidiary, delegation, accountability, self-management) involvement which considers participative and consultative decision-making and work procedures which considers task integrity, work-based management, client-focus, maximization of variable skills, learning. In considering changes in the corporation, management should be able to understand what relations should be observed between the management as well as employees as well as among colleagues. In this regard, the employees will be able to comprehend their responsibilities contributions to the changes planned by the corporation. This will also enable in maintaining harmonious relations among the personnel and employees despite the introduction of changes. The leadership principle is also essential as this will enable Daimler to identify the approach that will be relevant to the issues in terms of cultural differences. Within the context of the automotive industries, globalisation trends have lead to excessive competition between and among industries that adhere to the demands and requirements on car and automotive products and services. In this regard, it can be sad that the multi-level and large-scale operations among automotive industries like Daimler led to the formation of new business approaches that regards the entirety of the conventional business processes. The search for continuous as well as sustainable developments, increased client satisfaction, and faster return on investments as well as the issues and considerations regarding cultural, differences, Cultural diversity management, shorter product life cycle, innovation, and more sophisticated client specifications needed and mostly the issues of cultural diversities needed the call for extensive change management of business goals as well as performance objectives to be able to meet the demands of the existing market economies along wi th aims to gain competitive edge and stability over industry competitors. In this regard, more and more automotive industries try to stay in the competitive environment by considering the management of cultural diversities in the industries. Cultural diversity management have been recognised to be one of the strategic manners in business operation growth as well as expansion in the global market. In line with the technique and approach of automotive industries, it can be considered that the used of Cultural diversity management to be able to solve the issues of cultural differences because of the collaborative venture or merger and acquisition which has been considered by Daimler with Chrysler. Cultural diversity management facilitates automotive industries to grow both internally and externally because through this Cultural diversity management, the partnerships of the family of the acquired automotive industry have increased, not only in its local operation but also in global environment. In addition, through the efficient use of Cultural diversity management, DaimlerChrysler acquisition, are able to gain competitive edge and stability among its rival automotive industry. Competitive edge and stability only arises from establishing differentiation. Although this Cultural diversity management have been successful, there are some essential determinant and attributes which the management of automotive industries can be considered when going into a Cultural diversity management. It can be considered that creating a successful Cultural diversity management between two automotive industries should be able to concentrate on logistical planning as well as operational integration. Unlike local and national corporations, global Cultural diversity management are tasked with higher accountabilities which made them highly accountable to every decision as well as policy they make. The vast influence as well as significant implications of the decisions as well as laws that result from intensive deliberations of member representatives of the World Bank and the World Trade Corporation are normally faced with cultural challenges that threaten the stability as well as sustainability ty of the Cultural diversity management which subsequently may lead to complex realisation of the goals of the corporation. The dilemmas and issues which arise from differing cultural interpretation should be in the reality of consistent evaluation and adjustment. Resolving immediately the differences which hinders the effective and efficient function of global Cultural diversity management should be crucially reviewed in order to promote development as well as growth of every member. Conclusion The context of Cultural diversity management as one of organizational approaches to reach efficient organizational culture, may be assessed in different underlying determinants; these include the objectives of the Cultural diversity management, the logic as well as the technique and approach used for the Cultural diversity management and cultural diversity. The predictability of Cultural diversity management in considering the increasing automotive competition addresses the situation and considerations that industries must give consideration onto before considering Cultural diversity management. In the case of automotive industry such as Daimler, the automotive industry can consider cultural diversity managements to stay in the competitive market and perform better within the global market environment with harmonious and smooth relationship with the staffs, by giving innovative and new products in terms with automotives and car manufacturing through the ideas that the management gain due to Cultural diversity management with other automotive industries. It presents that without such technique and approach, the automotive industry may not be able to expand its business portfolio and solve the issue of cultural diversity. It can be concluded that Cultural diversity management, along with the contexts of strategic management and other efficient marketing technique, can make a automotive industry to succeed in achieving its goal of providing quality products with their target audience and ensuring good corporate or organizational culture all throughout.

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley Essay examples -- Papers

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley I am the director of the play 'An Inspector Calls'. I am writing this essay to advise the actors how to portray their characters in the final act. I will help them to deliver their lines appropriately for each character, to express the mood and personality to the audience. This essay will be focused on Sheila, Gerald, Eric and Mr and Mrs Birling. Context ======= The play is set in 1912. The Birling family are celebrating the engagement of their daughter, Sheila to Gerald. Inspector Goole then arrives during the celebrations and starts asking the Birling family questions about the death of a young girl, Eva Smith. She had committed suicide. Slowly, the inspector makes the family aware that they have played a large role in her suicide. We learn from the characters reactions and responses, what kind of people they really are. Sheila, Eric and Gerald realise their mistakes and how their attitudes and behaviour affect other people. Mr and Mrs Birling seemed convinced that they played no part in this tragedy. At the end of act 2, the inspector is questioning Mrs Birling about why she didn't give money to Eva Smith, who was in trouble. The family also found out Eric was the father of Eva's unborn baby. In the beginning of act 3, Eric arrives to the scene. The inspector starts to question Eric about his relationship with Eva. At the end of the play, we discover that inspector Goole is not a real police inspector, and we are left wondering who is. Stage Layout ============ The stage is going to be set out into two rooms, a living room and a drawing room. The ... ... the play he distances himself from the events and finds an acceptable explanation for what has happened to the Birling family. Gerald also admits to his mistakes and Sheila respects him for his sincerity. Mrs Birling congratulates him for unmasking the inspector. In this way, he manages to please the whole family. 'That man wasn't a police officer'. You have to show this expression slow and clearly because it suddenly changed the mood of the play. He knows this will bring great relief to the Birling family. You should be standing quite anxiously and with your hands it your pockets. You should have a grin on your face, and then burst out the good news. Conclusion ========== I hope you understand how to play your part. The importance of the stage directions is crucial. I hope enjoy playing your character.

Leading marines

Identify the author's mission (task and purpose) in writing this book. The author's purpose in writing this book was to explain the role of the ‘leader' in the Marine Corps. To accomplish this the author used examples of corps values, ethos, individual courage and unit spirit. 2. What part of the book was the most effective in accomplishing the author's mission? What part of the book was the least effective? The part of the book that I think is most effective at accomplishing the author's mission is chapter three: Challenges. Friction dominates war, it makes simple tasks hard'. The author touches on how friction affects us anywhere from the marine-air- ground task force down to the most forward fghting positions and how getting over the brick wall that is adversity is key to being able to lead marines. 3. What does the author assume to be true in order to accomplish his mission? Does the author validate these assumptions in the book? The author really shows the importance of th e lessons we learned in boot camp and OCS as the basis of what is needed to accomplish any mission.The author validates these assumptions as he goes back to what we learned in training as xamples of how we should carry ourselves as leaders and Marines. 4. The part of the book that is most relevant to what I / we do is: The part of the book that is most relevant to what â€Å"we do is chapter three. The author talks about Friction and overcoming challenges in everyday life such as physical challenge and the importance of being combat effective. This is relevant to me because I think physical fitness is key to anyone in the Marine Corps who wants to be a leader. . Identify the author's specific and implied conclusions. What I took as an implied conclusion was that there's a bigger purpose for veryone and you won't know what that purpose is unless you take risks to find that purpose. What part ot the book was the most ettective in accomplishing the author's The part of the book that i s most relevant to what l/we do is chapter three. The ground task torce down to the most torward tgnting positions and now getting over purpose. 1.Identify the author's mission (task and purpose) in writing this book. ground task force down to the most forward fighting positions and how getting over The part ot the book that is most relevant to what I / we do is: 6a. With respect to the author's conclusions (either specified or implied), I / we ccept or agree with the following: I agree with the implied conclusion that the fundamentals of leading marines is engraved in each of us as marines in boot camp or OCS and that those fundamentals are the basis of being a leader and a Marine. b. With respect to the author's conclusions (either specified or implied), I / we reject or do not agree with the following: There was nothing that I did not agree with. 7a. This book made a favorable impression on me and it will change the way I approach: This book will definitely make me think back to the basics when I am approached with adversity.