Wednesday, October 30, 2019

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Essay

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) - Essay Example It is, however, not far from criticisms. The major problem with the RCRA is that the implementation of RCRA rules and regulations requires huge amount of paper work which sometimes become quite frustrating for the corporate managers Introduction The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act was enacted in 1976. This act was introduced as an amendment to the then existing Solid Waste Disposal Act. Household as well as hazardous solid wastes are regulated by RCRA. Since its initiation, this act has been amended by a number of times. The years which experienced amendments to this act are 1978, 1980, 1984, 1988 and 1996. Most of this amendments caused significant coverage areas of the act. Most of the programs under RCRA have been designed to offer risk-free handling of hazardous as well as non-hazardous wastes. This paper seeks to offer a detailed discussion on the history, coverage, current status and shortcomings of the Resource Conservation and Recovery act. At the end, it will make an attempt to provide some solutions to the problems associated with RCRA. (Dennison, 1993). History of RCRA Earlier, state and local governments use to assume the responsibilities of regulating solid wastes generated by households and industries. Particularly, .before 1965, there was no such regulatory authority for that could handle the issues relating to solid wastes. During this time, most of the solid wastes were deposited through the method of open dumping. This kind of open dumping had not at all been environment friendly. In 1965, the Solid Waste Disposal act was enacted to deal with waste disposal methods. It started to look for environment friendly options of waste disposals. In order to reduce negative impacts of open dumping of wastes, it provided financial aids to local and state governments to appropriate waste disposal methods. In 1970, the Solid Waste disposal Act was amended to become the Resource Recovery Act and then in 1976, it was further amended to form the Resour ce Conservation and Recovery Act. (Dennison, 1993). The goal behind the enactment of RCRA was to eliminate all the remaining loopholes in environmental regulations with respect to disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes on land. Through the enactment of this act along with the subsequent amendments, federal government tried to address a set of requirements. First of all, through this act the government placed its focus on the importance of systematic management of households and industrial wastes. Second, the government made an attempt to recognize the requirement of special arrangements in dealing with wastes of hazardous nature. Finally, the act took into account a number of provisions for encouraging conservation of resources as well as their reuse or recycling. (Teets et al, 2003) Coverage of RCRA RCRA comprises of four different types of programs in order to implement the goals that as set up at the time of its initiation and subsequent amendments. The first program has been designed for encouraging states to build and promote plans for managing household non hazardous wastes. The second program has been directed towards setting up of a ‘cradle to grave’ mechanism in order to monitor and control the deposition of hazardous non-household wastes. The third program has been introduced to regulate storage in underground tanks with the help of a program known as the Underground storage Tank program. The fourth

Monday, October 28, 2019

Cockroaches and Hemolymph Concentration in the Body Essay Example for Free

Cockroaches and Hemolymph Concentration in the Body Essay This lab was conducted to determine the concentration of hemolymph in the body of a cockroach. It was done by making serial dilutions to make a standard graph by injecting a dye into a cockroach and determining the concentration at different times with the use of a spectrophotometer to find the optical density which is measured in absorbance. Results showed that the concentration was not within the pre-experiment research range. Introduction: Cockroaches as well as all other insects have an open circulatory system. Unlike humans who have a closed circulatory system with arteries and veins, insects do not have any arteries or veins. They have a body of internal fluids and they use diffusion to transfer nutrients and oxygen across their bodies. This process of diffusion is only made possible because of their small bodies. In practical terms, cockroaches are cheaper than vertebrates, and since they are neither furry nor cuddly their use does not anger the animal-rights enthusiasts. In terms of economics and public health, we need to know everything we can about insects because of their enormous impact on humans as crop pests, carriers of disease, pollinators, etc. But they also have a fascination in their own right. For instance, they represent the only other major group of animals that, with the higher vertebrates, have successfully conquered the terrestrial habitat. Insects and mammals have a vastly different evolutionary heritage: evolution has had to work with very different basic body plans to produce two highly successful terrestrial organism (Smith 119-139). Insects regulate their hemolymph volume by a variety of mechanisms including hormonal and metabolic factors. In an aquatic environment, insects must continuously excrete water to compensate for water uptake, whereas in a hot, dry terrestrial environment the insect must conserve water – in both these instances, the volume of the hemolymph is regulated to prevent excessive water gain or loss. In any given insect species, the volume of the hemolymph at any particular time during the life cycle will tend to be fairly constant. However, stressing the insect, for example by exposure to very high temperatures or by starvation, will result in changes in the hemolymph volume. The Internal fluid in the insect’s body is termed Hemolymph it contains both blood and other fluids. The hemolymph is used to transfer nutrients, ions, and waste to different organs in the body. It also is used to defend against microorganisms that might attack the insect’s body. The Hemocoel houses the hemolymph where all the organs are located. My hypothesis was that the hemolymph in the insect’s body was about 20-40% of the body mass. Materials and Methods: In order to find the cockroachs hemolymph volume, a small quantity of concentrated dye was injected which helped one to find how much the dye was diluted. A spectrophotometer was used to find the dye concentration needed in the cockroach. A spectrophotometer worked because dyes and other chemicals absorb light of characteristic wavelengths, and the amount of absorption depended on the concentration of the chemical. Knowing the original concentration and the final concentration it was to calculate what volume (the hemolymph volume) would have been necessary to dilute the dye that much. A range of volumes was chosen extending from below to above the probable values for hemolymph volume; you can produce a standard curve for optical density of solution on which you can read hemolymph volume directly. One advantage of this was that any errors in the procedure with the cockroach were likely to be similar to those for determining the standard curve, and they therefore canceled each other out. We started off by making serial solutions to make a standard curve for dye concentrations. We put 100, 200, 300 and 400 ul of a Ringer solution mixed with 10 ul of dye. We then put 5 ul of the first tubes into tubes that had 2500 ul of Ringer solution using a pippete. We then measured the optical density (Absorbance) of our serial dilutions with a spectrophotometer at 522 nm. Then we graphed the data, we made it linear by doing 1/OD to get an equation for the line. The next thing we did is we anesthetized our cockroaches with CO2 and we weighed our cockroaches. We then injected 10 ul of dye into the abdomen of the insect. We waited until the dye was mixed in the hemolymph evenly then we took samples at different points in time at 5, 15 and 20 min in time. We injected next to the armpit of the leg and used cold capillaries to obtain our samples. We then used the spectrophotometer to measure the OD of the samples mixed with 2500 ul of ringer solution at the different time periods. We then plotted the data and obtained the  equation. Then we plugged the reciprocal of y intercept to the equation and found the x value which equals the volume. This is a graph illustration of time(seconds) Versus optical density Discussion: After the lab was done, my original hypothesis was rejected. I predicted that the cockroach would have 20-40% hemolymph concentration. This turned out to be incorrect. Our cockroach had a percentage of approximately 15%. The result is not far from the 20% range I predicted nevertheless, not specifically accurate at all. According to my prior research, an average hemolypmh is around 25 percent and makes up about 20% of the body weigh of the cockroach. According to this research, my hypothesis was correct about the concentration of hemolyph (Czpla 171-181) There is always some variation within experiments so; something that was done during the experiment possibly could have gone wrong. The variation could have been due to the lack of following the specific time or variables. It was most likely due to a human error, which my group possible overlooked. There could have been mishandling of the specialized equipment such as the pipette or the spectrometer. It is really easy to mishandle the pipet and can result in the wrong amounts of water used for the experiment. This could affect the optical density and result in excess data. Some of the equipment was old and not always properly and fully functional. In a good preparation, the three data points for optical density (OD) will lie approximately on an exponentially declining curve (dye excretion rate may be a function of dye concentration). The extrapolation back to zero time should therefore follow this curve. Often, however, the first point will be noticeably high or low compared to the trend of the later points. This is probably due to poor mixing, either because of poor circulation, or poor injection where the dye sometimes appears to be trapped close to the point of injection. In this case, the best that can be done is to extrapolate from the later points, which, since there are only two points, will have to be a linear extrapolation. My results were in an exponentially declining curve so,I can not relate any error due to the mixing. A factor, which should be discussed because it could’ve provided some potential errors, is the removal of hemolymph from the cockroach during the 30-minute sampling period. This could have reduced the hemolymph volume. The error becomes progressively larger as the 5  µl samples are removed. If mixing is incomplete, the OD may apparently increase. Another possible source of error is the distribution of the dye, that is, how long does it take for the dye to be distributed uniformly throughout the hemolymph? This could have been a potential error, it is something I remember happening during the experiment though I did not realize the implications of it at the time. As time goes by, the Optical Density in the samples taken goes down in value. That shows that the dye within the body of the cockroach is getting transferred outside of the body of the insect. The Hemolymph concentration in this cockroach is . 2/1. 3= 15% that is not within the range of the concentration that should be which is within the range of 20-40%. There might have been an error in the spectrophotometer or maybe the dye didn’t spread well enough within the body, which would ruin our results. The sex of the cockroach might also play a role on the concentration of Hemolymph. For the future, if I were to carry out the same experiment I would stick to my prediction but would be more careful in carrying out the experiment. I would make sure I carried out the experiment exactly right.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein as a Critique of Masculinity Essay

Introduction The idea for the novel of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein came to her one night when she was staying in the company of what has been called ‘her male coterie’, including Lord Byron and her husband, Percy Shelley. Mary Shelley’s whole life seems to have been heavily influenced by men. She idolised her father, William Godwyn, and appears to have spent a good part of her life trying very hard to impress both him and her husband. There seems to have been a distinct lack of female influence, her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, having died weeks after her birth, being replaced by a neglectful step-mother. These aspects of her life are perhaps evident in her novel. The characters and plot of Frankenstein were perhaps influenced by Shelley’s conflicting feelings about the predominately masculine circle which surrounded her, and perhaps the many masculine traits that we see in novel were based upon those of the male figures in Shelley’s own life. In th is essay I will attempt to show some of these traits. Argument Perhaps the most obvious way we can read the novel as a critique of masculinity is the very obvious way in which Shelley develops the male characters more than she does the female. She portrays the male characters as the stronger sex with the female characters seemingly completely dependant on the male, and their whole lives seem to be taken up by the males every move. The female characters in the novel ar every much idealised figures of perfection and passiveness. She portrays women as weak, beautiful, subservient beings who live only for the men in their lives. This is evident from the opening sentence of the narrator of the novel, Walton, who is writing to his sister in England while he is on an expedit... ...e life that he is creating is undeniably male, as this is the sex he views as the stronger of the two, there is never a question for a moment that he may create a female. Conclusion The theme of masculinity is strong throughout the novel, and I will finish with what may be the strongest example of masculinity of all, although it is not a favourable one. Perhaps the character of the monster represents the flaw in masculinity in the society of that day, created without the use of a woman, and is an example of the dangers of a society without woman. And I feel that Shelley was perhaps manipulating the masculine identities in the novel to show the flaws that such attitudes towards women can create, and persuade her audience that a society without women would be disastrous. Bibliography Mary Shelley, Frankenstein, (Berkshire: Penguin Popular Classics, 1994)

Thursday, October 24, 2019

The Teacher That Taught Me the Most

What Teacher Got Me Hooked on Learning? I’ve gone through a bunch of teachers that have helped me learn. There is only one though, that woman has gone through so much stress in her life. Her name is Mrs. Jackson. She was my Eighth Grade Advanced Language Arts teacher. She really made me want to learn. Mrs. Jackson really tried hard to get kids to learn but she would not make any kid do a thing. She taught me how to be more independent on my work and that I have to take things like my class work and not just be handed things already done.Mrs. Jackson made me take things into my own hands with my learning. She made things to where you had to do thing son your own, and showed me the way of doing independent work. Like giving us an essay project, telling us to do it then just giving us a prompt and just letting our creative minds roam free. Her criticism let there still have room for our idea to still be there but nevertheless have it portrayed in a professional way. I remember th at if there was a fragment in my essay she would give it back and say there’s a fragment fix it.I loved that she would tell me where it is but didn’t tell me how to fix it, giving me room to learn and grow from my mistake. If you asked her if we had to do something she would say no but if you want to pass my class I suggest you do. Her humor was there but she was still stern. I think she is didactic; she gave me that vibe of that already known respect that she didn’t have to ask for it was just already there. It was a given in her class what she wanted and that made me feel more respect for her, he leadership made me respect her more. She would only respect you if you respected her that was just how it was.I always had the utmost respect for her and that is still there even though I don’t have her class anymore. To be totally honest I’m using some of her techniques to write this essay at the moment. She taught things that stuck for me. She always r eminded us to not repeat so many words in our essay, sometimes it is really noticeable. She really helped with my whole view on English, my reading and everything in that area. Everything was so much easier after her class. The books we read in her class were marvelous. I loved her class and she really got me into learning.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Massey Commission Report

This document is an excerpt from the Massey Commission Report (1951). In the year 1949, a commission was set up to encourage the awareness in arts, social sciences, humanities and letters. The members of the commission were appointed by the federal government by commonly applied to the Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences, appointed by the federal government with Vincent Massey, the chancellor of the University of Toronto as it head. The other members of the commission included â€Å"Arthur Surveyer, a civil engineer of Montreal; Norman A.M. MacKenzie, president of the University of British Columbia; the Most Rev Georges-Henri Là ©vesque, dean of the Faculty of Social Sciences, Laval U; and Hilda Neatby, professor of history at the University of Saskatchewan† (Kallmann 2006 in The Canadian Encyclopedia). The document does offer some background understanding of the period it was produced in. The document concerns mainly the measure taken to remedy the lack of importance accorded to humanities and social studies in the curriculum, until then in the Canadian educational front. It is known from the previous chapters that the three R’s i.e. Reading Writing and Arithmetic were given the utmost importance in the schools of Canada with sciences in general, being neglected. The document explicates that the lack had been recognized even prior to the formation of the commission, in the establishment of National Research Council for scientific studies.   It seemed to have met with some success too, as indicated by the words â€Å"that the success of National Research Council in encouragement of scientific studies offered an example that should perhaps be followed†. The audience of the document was, obviously, the general public of Canada. The commission conducted research in four major cities of Canada, between the months August 1949 and July 1950. Hundreds of petitions were received and heard in these four cities, and on the basis of these briefs, experts were called in to prepare and include special studies that imparted more knowledge of the sciences. However, the Massy commission has rejected emulation of the National Research Council   Ã‚  in setting up the National Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences. The document proceeded to give the reason for rejection too, as that â€Å"the implied parallel† between the two was â€Å"misleading.† Furthermore, it held the earlier National Research Council partially responsible for the current crisis, since the scientific studies were â€Å"isolated† into a â€Å"separate body† and also because they were subjected to â€Å"too rigid techniques and methods of organization.† The purpose of the document was to encourage studies in humanities and social sciences, by establishing â€Å"flexible schemes of scholarships and grants† which will aid the Canadian people to have scientific education; and â€Å"international exchanges† especially under world bodies such as the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) and importantly â€Å"closer contacts with France and Great Britain†. It has to be remembered that during this period Quebec was given autonomy in cultural issues and hence was successful to a large extent in preserving the French identities and cultural awareness in its population, causing greater divide between itself and other English dominated areas of Canada. It must be said that Massey commission was largely successful in its intent and purpose, because most of the commission’s recommendations were executed by the federal government in the subsequent years, despite opposition from the French provinces. Source: Report Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters, and Sciences 1949-1951. (Ottawa: King’s Printer 1951):376-7 and Kallmann, Helmut – The Canadian Encyclopedia. â€Å"Massey Commission† In The Encyclopedia of Music in Canada. Retrieved on 28 Oct 2006. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=U1SEC838040      

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Standardized Tests

Standardized Tests Introduction No one can avoid being evaluated by society, where society includes oneself, at least once in a while. There are guidelines and benchmarks against which a person is considered ‘suitable’ or not.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Standardized Tests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Formal education is not just a platform for the understanding of society and life at large as it is also a place for people to learn about themselves, who they are, love and eventually help them decide what they would like to do from a broad perspective for the society or the world especially in this era of globalization. But it is hardly one’s place to decide where one can fit for whatever role. Although such cases exist for example Steve Jobs, Bill Gates and Mark Zuckerberg, college drop-outs who have succeeded without having a university certificate to prove it, but such people are very rare. Otherwise, peop le are meant to be tested at every level of education; failing one level by not doing well in a test means that one is not fit for the next stage. Evaluation through Standardized Tests (STs) is only one of the ways through which people’s knowledge are quantified before they are considered ‘fit’. Definitely, STs are not the best way for doing the job, as they do not reflect the truth about one’s ability to learn. Discussion STs have been criticized for being too simplistic (Smith, 2011); given that they assume that the one who scores highest is the smartest. For instance, through STs one can find out if a student knows the year that World War I, for instance began. While the student may know the exact year, he/she may not know the factors that led to it or how it came to begin. One’s capability to learn is much larger than performance in STs. STs only measure one’s ability to pass exams, which requires that one can remember the ‘rightâ⠂¬â„¢ answers within the set time: â€Å"they reward a student’s ability to answer superficial questions that don’t need actual thought† (Fairtest.org, 2007). This ability to remember answers may be as a result of continuous drilling and rote learning, as well as the ability of one to cram small bits of facts. It does not cater for those who have the answers but are slow in catching up with the time deadline.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Another limitation of Sts is their emphasis on the ‘right answers’ (Engine4ed.org, 2011) since STs insist that that there’s only one right answer to every single question. In addition, the student does not have the room to decide what the right answer is if it comes from the teacher. And these answers are not given to the students to provoke knowledge and develop intelligence, instead they are offe red because they are convenient and assessable (Engine4ed.org, 2011). The problem with the ‘right answer’ is that while it works for purposes of STs, real life situations are not as black and white. They can have all kinds of ‘right answers’, some of them contradictory which must be considered relevant as long as there are valid arguments to accompany ‘the’ answers. Unfortunately for the learners, having the ‘right answers’ hoodwinks someone into believing one is smart, yet, it is in the very hunger for such answers and knowledge that lays one’s ability to learn. A student’s ability to learn and how one learns it are two different things, but ‘how’ one learns defines a student’s ability to learn; this ‘how’ is known as aptitude. For instance, some students learn best through in-depth reading, while some learn best by listening to the teacher. It is likely that the latter student will f ail a Standardized Test, as he/she may not know the ‘right answers’ that the teacher gives in class. STs overlook a student’s aptitude, which is a cognitive process since these tests are still based on the argument of the old behaviorist psychological theories which assume that people learn by absorbing bits of broken knowledge (Fairtest.org, 2007). The recent theories on developmental and cognitive psychology acknowledge that people learn through associating the knowledge they have and that which they are searching for. This is the basis of inference; that one can use already acquired knowledge to respond to a new situation, by overlooking this, STs have overlooked the very basis of judgment on whether one can learn or not. And so STs fail to achieve the very task they set out originally to accomplish. The assumption of IQ tests is that â€Å"intelligence is a single entity that can be put on scale and measured†, and also that â€Å"intelligence is stati c and permanent† (Fairtest.org, 2007). Contrary to this stance, however is that psychologists think that intelligence is a variety of abilities since intelligence is the ability to answer to the question â€Å"what do you think†, while IQ enables one to answer â€Å"what is† (Smith, 2011). Intelligence includes one’s ability to write, to extract meaning from a text, to comprehend scientific reasoning and methods, to grasp concepts of social science, to use math and apply the same in real life situations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Standardized Tests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A student’s ability to learn requires intelligences, not just IQ; STs insists on putting IQ ahead of intelligence. Since they do not allow students to exercise their skills, creativity, critical thinking, reasoning and deductive logic (Smith, 2011). As such it may end up rewarding all the wrong candi dates. There are so many arguments against ST’s approach that it is quite hard to come about documents that favor STs. For instance, proponents of STs argue that they are practical, meaning that they are easy to administer as well as efficient in term s of time and grading; that they prepare students for the college test-taking skills; that they are a consistent means of comparing student aptitude and knowledge; and that they are unbiased in the sense that they are graded by machines, and so test scores are free from subjectivity of the examiners (eCampusour, 2009). But these arguments look feeble in the face of criticisms that are directed at STs. No one argues against the fact that these tests are efficient; in fact, it is partly the need for this efficiency that STs are there. Opponents of STs are asking that efficiency is not to be emphasized at the expense of students who cannot cram for the sake of tests. But their argument on the objectivity of STs is debatable, if it is true for instance that STs are unbiased when it comes to grading. But this is just as far as that objectivity goes. However, every other aspect of it is human-manipulated; for instance, the contents and wording of the tests, the determination of the ‘right’ answer, choosing and administration of the test, and how the results are used are decided by ‘subjective’ humans (Fairtest.org, 2007). The implication of these arguments is that supporters of Standardized tests do not dispute the arguments presented again STs, which could also mean that they agree on these limitations of STs. The only difference is that, for them STs as a form of evaluation is all there is to it and so all they can do is to look on the ‘bright’ side, and avoid the ‘dark’ side of Standardized Tests. Conclusion The forwarded limitations of Standardized Tests are real, but it is equally important to note that, before this test can be removed or modified there ha ve to be proposals on what should guide the development and implementation of a possible new system of evaluation. One such factor is that that the next system, either new or a modification of the Standardized test should be able to test intelligence which encompasses a variety of other measures. As observed by one author â€Å"relying on IQ scores without substantiating/proving the findings with the help of other sources of data is a disservice to the students and gives wrong information to policy makers† (Gilman, 2001). Also, the assessments made and the consequent interventions should take into account the differences in individual aptitudes and development (Gilman, 2001). Lastly, tests should be designed as tools that facilitate students to learn and not for ranking and classifying purposes.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this regard, a close observation of a student by the teacher, tracking and documentation of a student’s work and assessments based on performance can be crucial ingredients. All these should involve an evaluation that directly checks a student’s real learning efforts and tasks, and ultimately provides teachers, parents, communities and the government with useful material for the implementation of such a policy (Fairtest.org, 2007). References eCampusour (2009). Arguments for and Against Standardized Testing in  College Admissions. Web. Engine4ed.org. (2011). Problems with Standardized Tests. Web. Fairtest.org (2007). What’s wrong with Standardized Tests? Web. Gilman, L. (2001). The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Web. Smith, S. (2011). What Are Standardized Tests. Web.

Monday, October 21, 2019

History of Military Police essays

History of Military Police essays For any person that has served in the military in the United States, all would agree that each post is its own little city. With these mini communities dotted through out the United States, and overseas, they need to have their own way of feeling safe, and dealing with lawbreakers. The way, in which every community in the United States does, the military formed the military police corps. This organization acts as the law enforcement of all military posts, assisting and protecting. While the military police corps acts as police officers they also are peacekeepers in war torn countries, correctional officers, and above all, soldiers. The military police have a long and honorable history. Originally starting in the year 1775, along with the establishment of the Continental Army. With the Revolutionary War beginning at the battle of Lexington and Concord, the future military police corps was born. Known as the Provost Corps. General orders sent from General George Washington in January of 1776, he appointed Mr. William Marony as Provost of the Army of the United Colonies. When these orders were given, Mr. Marony was allowed a small provost guard to conduct executions. During these times, desertion was still a serious problem, which was punishable by death. Of the two hundred and twenty-five men sentenced to death for desertion, Provost Marshal Marony and his troops carried at least forty of them out. By the end of the year, in December, Mr. Thomas Bryan replaced Mr. Marony as Provost Marshal of the Army. On May 24th, 1778, General George Washington requested in a letter to Congress for a more organized provost ma rshal. After his requests were made, Congress answered his call for a new organization of the corps. The new provost corps now consisted of one captain, four lieutenants, one clerk, one quartermaster sergeant, two trumpeters, two sergeants, five corporals, forty-three privates, and four ex-carboniers. ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Submissions and Submittals

Submissions and Submittals Submissions and Submittals Submissions and Submittals By Maeve Maddox Scott asks: Would you comment on the differences in the nouns submittal and submission to denote a document submitted to someone or, perhaps, uploaded to a website? Â  Which is better and under what circumstances? The major sources, Strunk and White, Chicago, for example, dont mention them. Â  I prefer the concrete submittal because the word submission has so many other meanings, but Im having a hard time proving it. The OED has a very meagre entry for the word submittal: The act of submitting. It offers a single example, from an American source dated 1888 that refers to a letter of submittal. Merriam-Webster gives the word the same short shrift: an act of submitting. In legal use submission has four possible meanings: agreement to abide by a decision or to obey an authority reference to the decision or judgement of a (third) party the referring of a matter to arbitration a theory of a case put forward by an advocate And, of course, submission can mean the action of submitting to a conquering power. In its well-established general sense, submission means the act of submitting a matter to a person for decision or consideration. Although absent from the two dictionaries cited above, the word submittal does enjoy a specialized use among architects and construction managers. Answers.com offers these definitions: Submittals in Construction Management are shop drawings, material data, and samples. Product data submittals, samples, and shop drawings are required primarily for the architect and engineer to verify that the correct products will be installed on the project. Architecture: materials such as samples or manufacturers’ data that are submitted to the architect for approval; usually a requirement of the contract documents. The readers objection to the use of submission is that it has so many other meanings. This is not a very strong basis for objection. A great many of the words we use have many meanings. English speakers are used to rolling with the punches. For example, no one is going to misinterpret the meanings of the following sentences: Caesar sought the submission of the Gauls. My novel submission has been accepted by Harper-Collins. Context is all. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers3 Types of HeadingsWhile vs. Whilst

Saturday, October 19, 2019

World History Final take home exam Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World History Final take home exam - Coursework Example Major nations that had formed up as colonizers came together and superimposed their sphere of influence upon Africa. During the year 1884, it was under the request of Bismark, a Portuguese chancellor who called all leading colonial power found in the western sphere so as to negotiate and end confusion and control over the continent of Africa. The Berlin conference, that was met by major colonies of Africa, came up with decisions most of which were represented in 1885 act. The act through their decisions allotted some spheres of influence by individual powers establishing Congo basin as a free state. In relation to Congo basin and other neighboring territories, they would enjoy free trade all powers had sovereign rights to watch and preserve tribes. All powers were to abide and abolish the slave trade. 2. Following the occurrence of World War 1, a league of nations came together under a Versailles treaty in 1919 to form an international labor organization (ILO). The major objective to the formation of ILO was to give an expression to an increasing number of concerns to reforms in social areas. ILO was founded to foster on four main missions: promoting and realization of standards relating to work rights. To realize and create possible opportunities that could allow both men and women to find employments, to able to enhancing the scope of protection to society and finally to strengthen participation through dialogue of different social groups. 3. In the event of making a declaration to participate in war, there are various chains of reactions that resulted into Europe getting involved. At this time, most of the Americans became reluctant and distanced themselves to get involved. However, powerful forces that included German submarines and their interest based on commercial agreements were key attraction into the involvement of the United States in World War 1. Three main causes were: feelings from the pro-British and 32 billion of loans given to its

Disobedience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Disobedience - Essay Example It was during this time that the Western Tradition Law was formed and begun to develop. Sometimes, citizens felt that some laws are unjust hence result to resisting them. Most often, the resistance is non-violent and the citizens seek to disobey certain laws, commands of the government as well as new rules introduced by those occupying power intended to benefit themselves at the expense of the citizens. It is a respectful disagreement for the sake of what is fair and true. Edward Joseph Snowden is an American Computer specialist. He is a former agent of the Central Intelligence Agency as well as a former contractor of National Security Agency. Edward decided to leak some classified documents to the media outlets, these documents contained some information of global surveillance. The surveillance systems collected and analysed information on foreigners and Americans. Snowden did this because he felt that it was interfering with the privacy of the citizens. His action received varied o pinions besides tagged a patriot, traitor, whistle-blower as well as a spy. Thomas More was born at a time when school emphasized the value of authority, hierarchy, and social disciplines. He grew up with the belief that law went hand in hand with morality and morality corresponded with religion (Watson 8-10). According to More, morality was superior compared to law and that creation of laws had to base on the moral ethics. However, More believed in obedience of law and authority. According to him, law was uniform and there would be social disorder the leaders used their moral beliefs to rule. He calmed that it was a moral duty for individuals to obey the law. One of the famous quotes from him was that â€Å"I will give the devil the benefit of law, for my own safety.† (Watson 8-10) More served under King Henry VIII, he considered his way of ruling to be unjust and not wise. As much as he was not happy with the ways of the king, he still served the king and followed some

Friday, October 18, 2019

Nietzsche's Preface (no.7) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nietzsche's Preface (no.7) - Essay Example d beginning of various social and philosophical beliefs through an attempt to account for the scope, totality or breadth of ideology in the time period provided as opposed to being focused on a singular dominant ideology (Ransom 62). Additionally, a genealogy attempts to see beyond the ideology that is in question, for conditions the genealogy possibility. Genealogy developed as a continued works of Nietzsche. Fredrick Nietzsche on the genealogy of morals criticized the "the genealogists" and proposed a historic philosophy to be used in order to effectively critique the modern mortality through supposing that the genealogy of morals did develop into the current form through the power relations. The philosophy of Nietzsche is characterized as genealogy because of his use of genealogy in the genealogy of morals (Ransom 56). This paper explores the main characteristics of the genealogical method and how helpful this method is in evaluating and reevaluating peoples moral prejudices and i n finding their origins. The essential characteristics of the Nietzsches genealogical method includes identification of the area of designated study, drawing up of the dispositif that shows the relationship to area of designated study for the many phenomena that constitutes it, the exposures through effective history of the destabilising along with discontinuous discursive and other elements that are involved in the production given problem with its associated truths, consequent rejection of searching for the fixed hidden meaning relevant to the problem or for the conscious authorial intension, and a combination of meticulous scrutiny and detachment in the analysis of the given textual and non-textual discursive and manifestation of the problem (Ransom 82). The main project for Nietzsches in the Genealogy is questioning the value of morality. Nietzsche argues that peoples current morality is born out of hatred, and resentment felt towards anything that was healthy, powerful, or

The cultural effect of automobile on Americans in the 1920 Essay

The cultural effect of automobile on Americans in the 1920 - Essay Example The automobile had come a long way by then from the era of the Model T Fords that looked like square boxes mounted on wheels. The assembly line manufacturing method of Henry Ford had become the norm in car manufacturing and allowed the people to afford the automobile at lesser than the usual price. Now, no place was too far for the public to reach. Everything was only a car ride away. However, the road infrastructure still needed to keep up with the rapid growth of the automobile economy. The affordable cost of the new range of factory line produced automobiles helped to give rise to the era of American consumerism. Americans no longer purchased goods simply for consumption. Due to the effective advertising campaigns of automobiles, first as print ads and then as commercials on radio and television, the American psyche was awakened to a new and powerful type of happiness. A happiness that lay in their ability to buy things such as automobiles which, according to the sales pitches, was guaranteed to bring them hours, days, months, or even years of happiness with their family members and friends. Now, Americans purchased a lifestyle instead of an item. They now spent their hard earned cash with the knowledge that the purchase would bring them a sense of happiness. The automobile was the greatest expression of the happiness a person could find in his rising social status. From the era of 1910 to 1950, Americans began to develop a special relationship with their cars in part due to the influence of the automobile advertisements and the cars ability to provide a freedom of movement to a person. Customizing the car also became the ultimate in personal expression for young people. The automobile had a tendency to reflect the character of the owner. There was a sense of dependence on the automobile that could often be misconstrued as an

Thursday, October 17, 2019

The policy that reduces the poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The policy that reduces the poverty - Essay Example It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that all the aspects of economy maintain a stable level so that the country can grow and expand. Government regulates many things in an economy including inflation, exports and imports, prices of many vital commodities, and many important economic aspects. The government of US has entrusted the job of regulating the monetary policy and interest rates along with the margin requirements. Fed was created by an act of Congress and consists of a seven member Board of Governors who is headquartered in Washington DC with operations spread across the major cities of the US. The primary responsibility of the Fed is to set up monetary policy by setting up a FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee) together with five other members. (The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System) The Fed comes out with the monetary policy in order to ensure a certain key objectives like, delivering price stability with a low inflation level coupled with an objective to support the Government's economic objectives of growth and employment. Price stability is taken care of, by the Government's usual inflation target of around 2 percent. There is a need to contemplate the crucial and critical role played by price stability in achieving the aforesaid economic stability, and in providing just the right conditions for a sustainable and longer living growth in output and employment. The government's intention is definitely not to achieve the lowest possible inflation rate, as a low inflation is supposed to be equally bad as a high one and for that matter inflation below the target of 2% is judged to be as worse as inflation above the predefined target. The inflation target is therefore very symmetrical. (How Monetary Policy Works) Impact of Inflation on the Economy The Fed has a monetary policy and it uses the same to regulate mechanism of the economy. Like when it decides to change the interest rate, the government is trying to check the overall expenditure of the economy. A change in interest rates is mostly used to contain inflation, which is the result of lavish expenditure by the country. The Fed sets a fixed interest rate at which it lends money to financial institutions and depending on this interest rate, individual banks and other financial institutions set up their own interest rates, which apply to the whole economy. This step is of indispensable importance to the economy, as this is very widely used to contain inflation. The only purpose behind such a step is just to contain undue inflationary levels prevailing in an economy. The point to be noted here is that, this interest rate set by the Fed is so effective and powerful that it regulates the whole economy. It affects the stock and bond prices and also influences the asset prices through out the country. This interest rate also regulated the savings in an economy, which eventually results in capital formation and reinvestment. It is note that when interest rates are high, people prefer to invest money in government deposits that are less risky in nature than the stock markets and similarly high interest rates boost up the savings. Lower interest rates make asset and real estate prices go up, as people start ignoring conventional saving instruments and make use of the high growth ventures like shares and houses, which pushes up their

E-Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

E-Business - Essay Example However, as much as online banking is present in many banks few have services worth consideration as e-banking. Banks engage in e-banking due to a number of benefits that they accrue together with their consumers and other stakeholders. This paper will look into e-banking in UK and how it is helping banks. E-banking and customers E-banking still has strides to make in order for banks, customers and stakeholders to fully benefit. In the developed world where technological literacy is high many banks have not embraced fully-fledged e-banking services. Many customers also have stuck with the traditional banking systems. This has led to a few net transactions being carried out under the e-banking systems (Helen and Fotini 2004). It is important to note that when a customer is satisfied, the service provider is satisfied in return. Customers who have chosen e-banking methods have done so to avoid standard practices that plague traditional banking (Ian 2009). Other customers do so to ensur e security and privacy of transactions since banks with e-banking options offer security guarantees. Customers are able to do a great deal online for example balance and e-statement inquiries, money transfers, changing personal details e.g. PIN, control overdraft transactions, manage standing orders and payments of bills among others. There are help lines established by banks most of which operate on 24 hours basis. E-banking and banks Mainstream banks in the UK like HSBC, Barclays, Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS) and Lloyds are now having a wide range of e-banking services which are clearly illustrated in their websites. They are leveraging on the potential that internet technology has in order to establish online banking facilities. These banks have gained millions of customers from all over the world due to the flexible and convenient nature of e-banking (Ali, Datamonitor (Firm) and Reuters Business Insight 2000). Some of concrete advantages are as follows; 24 hours operations This is basically the biggest advantage where banks operate even after locking up their branches in the evening. E-banking enables customers to access their bank account details on a 24 hours basis as mentioned before. More customers Banks that utilise their marketing strategies to capture more customers are sure to gain more by having e-banking services. E-banking reaches many potential customers who are able to view what a bank has on offer and apply immediately in the bank’s website (Teo and Tan 2000). Traditional banks which have physical locations tend to use more effort to physically reach the prospective customer and convince them to open an account. Innovation in product and service range E-banking enables banks to develop products and services that can only serve internet users. Some of these are the e-bank statements, DVDs, news feeds on finances and financial calculators among others (Buckle, Buckle and Thompson 2004). This has however been challenging for banks in term s of investment cost. The more the services, the more is the initial cost but due to the relative lower cost of operations in the online business in the long term, the initial costs are overshadowed. Broad customer base It is an emerging advantage with banks attracting customers who are beyond their geographical regions. Internet is everywhere

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

The policy that reduces the poverty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The policy that reduces the poverty - Essay Example It is the responsibility of the government to ensure that all the aspects of economy maintain a stable level so that the country can grow and expand. Government regulates many things in an economy including inflation, exports and imports, prices of many vital commodities, and many important economic aspects. The government of US has entrusted the job of regulating the monetary policy and interest rates along with the margin requirements. Fed was created by an act of Congress and consists of a seven member Board of Governors who is headquartered in Washington DC with operations spread across the major cities of the US. The primary responsibility of the Fed is to set up monetary policy by setting up a FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee) together with five other members. (The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System) The Fed comes out with the monetary policy in order to ensure a certain key objectives like, delivering price stability with a low inflation level coupled with an objective to support the Government's economic objectives of growth and employment. Price stability is taken care of, by the Government's usual inflation target of around 2 percent. There is a need to contemplate the crucial and critical role played by price stability in achieving the aforesaid economic stability, and in providing just the right conditions for a sustainable and longer living growth in output and employment. The government's intention is definitely not to achieve the lowest possible inflation rate, as a low inflation is supposed to be equally bad as a high one and for that matter inflation below the target of 2% is judged to be as worse as inflation above the predefined target. The inflation target is therefore very symmetrical. (How Monetary Policy Works) Impact of Inflation on the Economy The Fed has a monetary policy and it uses the same to regulate mechanism of the economy. Like when it decides to change the interest rate, the government is trying to check the overall expenditure of the economy. A change in interest rates is mostly used to contain inflation, which is the result of lavish expenditure by the country. The Fed sets a fixed interest rate at which it lends money to financial institutions and depending on this interest rate, individual banks and other financial institutions set up their own interest rates, which apply to the whole economy. This step is of indispensable importance to the economy, as this is very widely used to contain inflation. The only purpose behind such a step is just to contain undue inflationary levels prevailing in an economy. The point to be noted here is that, this interest rate set by the Fed is so effective and powerful that it regulates the whole economy. It affects the stock and bond prices and also influences the asset prices through out the country. This interest rate also regulated the savings in an economy, which eventually results in capital formation and reinvestment. It is note that when interest rates are high, people prefer to invest money in government deposits that are less risky in nature than the stock markets and similarly high interest rates boost up the savings. Lower interest rates make asset and real estate prices go up, as people start ignoring conventional saving instruments and make use of the high growth ventures like shares and houses, which pushes up their

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Unit 7 paper biochem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 7 paper biochem - Essay Example As the extent and the strength of the exercises increases, the aerobic system (mitochondrial or oxidative system) takes over and provides the energy needed. Therefore, the first few minutes of running involve anaerobic activity, but as the intensity of the exercise increases during running and weight lifting, aerobic activity takes over to oxidise the previously produced pyruvate into more ATP to sustain the body during the exercise. These energy systems are interdependent of each other and work concurrently in the body. Based on the meal plan above, rice is the key carbohydrate food that is rich in starch. Skim milk, in addition, contains carbohydrates in the form of lactose (milk sugar). Beans also contain the polysaccharide starch. Protein foods include chicken, beans, and skim milk (whey proteins). Olive oil, skim milk, and ranch dressing contain fats. Olive oil, ranch salad, and chicken contain unsaturated fats, whereas skim milk contains exceptionally small quantities of saturated fats since skim milk usually has a low quantity of fat compared to whole milk. The salad contains vitamins, minerals, and roughage (fiber), which do not undergo digestion in the alimentary canal. When food is ingested in the mouth, the grinding action of the teeth (mechanical digestion) breaks it down into small pieces as saliva lubricates it. Chemical digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth where salivary amylase (ptyalin) digests starch into maltose. In the stomach, waves of muscular contractions called peristalsis (mechanical digestion) further squeeze the food, aiding in mechanical digestion. The gastric cells in the stomach walls secrete acidic juices including hydrochloric acid that create a favourable environment for the enzyme pepsin, which digests proteins into peptides. The partially digested food passes to the duodenum where most of the enzymatic digestion takes place. The pancreas

Monday, October 14, 2019

The North Shore Essay Example for Free

The North Shore Essay To travel across Minnesota, is the opportunity to experience the vast prairie lands, where an individual can see as far as the eye allows, to the lakes, where the water calms, and the trees enrich the landscape.   Perhaps no venture is as rich as the North Shore, where the terrain is varied, the fog rolls in as across what appears to be an ocean, and the view is grand.    The journey north to The North Shore, is enlivened with small towns, each filled with treasures from local artisans, and every other shop boasting of being the best in canoeing outfitters as the Boundary Waters approaches.    It is where an individual can quite literally reach the â€Å"end of the road.†Ã‚   The North Shore has had an impact on the history of Minnesota, from the settling of the land, to the economic fortunes and misfortunes. Tourism in the Duluth and North Shore area continues to expand, in this area rich in history.   The Superior Hiking Trail, a long distance footpath, was modeled after the Appalachian Trail, runs along the ridgeline adjacent to Lake Superiors North Shore from Duluth, Minnesota to the Canadian border.   By 1998, 240 miles of the project has been completed. The trail was completed with the assistance of federal, state and local governments in combination with artists, resort and business owners, and hiking enthusiasts.   The Trail was officially opened in July 1987 at Briton Peak on the Sawbill Trail. According to Backpacker magazine, Minnesota’s Superior Hiking Trail (SHT) ranks as one of the 10 best hiking trails in the country.   This trail covers 224 miles of Minnesota’s most rugged terrain, running parallel to the North Shore of Lake Superior.   Throughout the trail, there are more than two-dozen rivers and streams among the ridges of the Sawtooth Mountains.   Throughout the trail there are opportunities to see Lake Superior and numerous inland lakes.   The high ridges are covered with oak trees and maple trees.   Additional growth includes boreal evergreens, birch, and aspen.   In the valleys, cedar and spruce trees and interspersed with red and white pine. The Superior National Forest The Superior Forest is covered with 445,000 acres of surface water, more than 1,300 miles of cold-water streams and 950 miles of warm water streams flow within the boundaries of the Superior. Fish species such as walleye, northern pike, small mouth bass, lake trout, brook trout, rainbow trout, and brown trout can be found in abundance in these waters. The northern forest continues to thrive with a variety of pine, fir and spruce trees and a variety of wildlife including deer, moose, the gray wolf, and black bear.   The population of the gray wolf has returned in Northern Minnesota, where it had once dwindled.   Reports of the wolf population vary from 300 to 2500.   (www.duluthstreams.org) Lake Superior was known to the Native Americans as Gitche Gumi.   The North Shore is 150 miles long.   Lake Superior, the world’s largest freshwater lake, covers about 31,700 square miles.   Lake Superior is the deepest of the Great Lakes, as much as 700 feet deep, only 3 miles out from shore. The deepest spot, 1,332 feet, is 40 miles off Munising, Michigan. The lake is 380 miles long, 160 miles wide, and has a surface area of 31,700 square miles, and 2900 miles of shoreline. (www.duluthstreams.org) History of Lake Superior The Native Americans first traveled Lake Superior using birch bark canoes to navigate the waters of Lake Superior.   Immigrant Europeans also used birch bark canoes to explore Lake Superior as early as the 1600s.   During the 1700s, the fur trade expanded the economy of the area, increasing the usage of Lake Superior by larger, cargo-carrying vessels.   When the fur trade declined in the 1800s, the local economy focused their efforts on fishing Lake Superior.   Merchant ships increase trade and transportation. Settlement of the North Shore began following the La Pointe Treaty in 1854, in which the Native Americans gave the Minnesota shoreline of Lake Superior to the United States.   (Castle, 1915)   The signing of the La Pointe Treaty was the Ojibwe surrender of their last territory.   They didn’t fully understand the process and believed they were working toward a compromise when it occurred. Because of the rich resources of copper, iron, and timber, navigation of Lake Superior continued to grow.   With the introduction of the railroad, bulk cargo of wheat and corn became more common.   With the increase in traffic on Lake Superior, came increased risk, as ships and sailors were lost due to weather, human error or mechanical failure.   The collapse of the fur trade made an economic impact on the area of Lake   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1 Rhoda R. Gilman, The History and Peopling of Minnesota: Its Culture, Daedalus 129.3 (2000): 1, Questia, 24 Apr. 2007 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001774954. Superior and the Native Americans, who had once participated in trade between themselves and the Europeans.   (Castle, 1915) The waters of Minnesota flow south to the Gulf of Mexico, east to the Atlantic Ocean, and north to Hudson Bay.   Minnesota’s history is interwoven with that of Canada, â€Å"described by French traders and missionaries in the 1600s, the region was for practical purposes a part of British territory until well into the nineteenth century. Today it shares with the Province of Ontario a coastline on Lake Superior and a vast wilderness canoe country. With Manitoba it shares the agricultural wealth and the flood problems of the Red River Valley, and it depends on the prairie provinces for vital energy resourcesoil from Alberta and Saskatchewan, and hydroelectricity from northern Manitoba.†1 This area was first settled by Native Americans from the St. Lawrence Valley.   The Ojibwe Indians, settled in the areas west of Lake Michigan and Superior, in an attempt to flee the Iroquois.   â€Å"For the next century and a half the land now comprising Minnesota was included in the Canadian fur-trade systema continent-spanning network that linked American Indian cultures and resources with the commercial world of Europe. Indian people handled production on their own terms, while transportation and marketing were dominated first by licensees of the French crown and later by large British-managed monopolies.†1 1 Rhoda R. Gilman, The History and Peopling of Minnesota: Its Culture, Daedalus 129.3 (2000): 1, Questia, 24 Apr. 2007 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001774954. Initially, settlement of the area occurred quickly, as the rumors of copper and gold spread.   As the railroad neared, the population of Duluth grew from 14 families in January of 1869, to 3,500 people by July of 1869, mostly consisting of Scandinavian immigrants. The increase in population also brought an increase in the building of sawmills, grain elevators and warehouses, and homes. (www.mnhs.org) Following the 1873 Panic, Duluth’s population rapidly dwindled to 1,300 people.  Ã‚   A period of recovery occurred during 1879 and 1889, returning stability to the area. The economy in Duluth rapidly spread across the state, increasing the ability to trade grain from the prairies.   Two Harbors was established as the first iron ore port in Minnesota, increasing the opportunities for laborers in the state.   The fishing industry continued to grow, from 35 commercial fisherman in 1879, to 195 commercial fisherman in 1885.   The fishing industry followed the same path as the fur trade, and eventually commercial fishermen were forced to look for other work.   (Castle, 1915) As an outlet for iron, Duluth became Minnesota’s third major city.   Shipbuilding opened up new opportunities in the area, bringing further prosperity.   Railroad yards and ore docks continued to multiply after the turn of the century, to meet demand.   (Gillman, 2000, 1)   To increase the ability to transport material goods, a trail through the woods was established during the 1870.   As the railroad expanded in the state, the Duluth Iron Range Railway was constructed connecting Duluth and Two Harbors in 1889.   The road led to a great deal of change in the lives of the residents and in the economy.   No longer were the residents of the area dependent on outside vendors to transport their products.   Roads enabled them to transport their own products.   Roads also increased tourism in the area.   (Castle, 1915) As spoken by New York journalist, John St. John in 1946, while describing Lake Superior: â€Å"To the travelerlet me say a few words. Take a bark canoe, which two or three trials will make you at home in, for they are much easier to get the ‘hang’ of than most persons suppose; go to the adjacent islands, run into the caverns and grottos which cannot be reached in any other way. If you are in pursuit of pleasure, whether lady or gentleman, you can find it in the Lake Superior region, provided you can be pleased with grand scenery, water-falls, lakes and mountains.†1 (www.mnhs.org) The Sault Locks were completed in 1855, enabling steamboats on the Lakes to carry passengers and freight.   During the first year, 149 steamers carried 8,295 passengers and 5,690 tons of cargo.   (Blegen, 1963) Reportedly, Minnesota as a tourist destination began in the spring of 1826, when   the steamer Lawrence arrived in Fort Snelling, needing   to re-establish its communication with the outside world.   (www.mnhs.org)   Fort Snelling became a popular location, with steamers arriving with passengers who were on what they considered to be a â€Å"fashionable tour of the Northwest.   It wasn’t long before visitors from as far away as New Orleans, St. Louis, and Pittsburgh traveled to Minnesota for a variety of reasons. Minnesota is rich in both history and culture.   First settled by the Ojibwe Indians, Minnesota was forever altered by the European immigrants who established treaties in order to acquire the land for their settlement.   These treaties forced the Native Americans to move onto reservations.   During the time span between 1826 and 1871, six treaties and agreements with the Dakota nation, and sixteen treaties, agreements, and major pieces of legislation affecting the Ojibwe, were used to take the native land.   (Peacock, 2000) References Blegen, Theodore C. (1963) Minnesota: A History of the State. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Castle Henry A. (1915) Minnesota, Its Story and Biography, 2 vols. Chicago: Lewis Publishing Company. Copway, George. Life, Letters, and Speeches. Ed. A. Lavonne Brown Ruoff and Donald B. Smith. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1997. Questia. 24 Apr. 2007 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=21009722. Duluth, Minn. a See-Worthy Seaport on Lake Superior. (2004, October 17). Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), p. 3. Retrieved April 23, 2007, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5007582493 Gilman, R. R. (2000). The History and Peopling of Minnesota: Its Culture. Daedalus, 129(3), 1. Retrieved April 23, 2007, from Questia database: http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001774954 Minnesota Historical Society.   (1996)   Minnesota Lake Superior History.   Retrieved April 23, 2007 from http://www.mnhs.org/places/nationalregister/shipwrecks Peacock, Thomas D., and Donald R. Day. Nations within a Nation: The Dakota and Ojibwe of Minnesota. Daedalus 129.3 (2000): 137. Questia. 24 Apr. 2007 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=od=5001775006.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Reggio Emillia and the Approach Essay -- Education, Te Whariki

Origin from a city in the north of Italy, the Reggio Emilia approach in Early Childhood Education is adopted by multi-countries over the past decades. This approach has a core philosophy, that children should play a leading role in education. Children are seen as full of knowledge and intelligence, with full capabilities to express themselves if only given the proper ways to do to so. They are protagonists of their own learning and have a say in what topics and problems they will study and research. Teachers provide resources to assistant children’s learning and developing. The curriculum is emergent, meaning the teachers choose topics and projects based on careful listening and observations of their student’s interests, needs and inquiries. Children are encouraged to use materials and media to demonstrate their learning and understanding of a topic or project. Documentations and environment have direct influences in helping children’s learning. Parents and comm unity also play a supportive role in children education (O.E.C.D, 2004). Te Whá ¾ ±riki is the New Zealand’s early childhood curriculum, which was developed in 1996. Compared with Reggio Emilia Approach, they have similarities as focus on children’s interests; develop children’s learning though interacting in relationship with others, emphasise the importance of environment and adults’ active responding. They also differ in many ways, such as teacher’s role, culture background and documentation and Assessment. Community and parent support is considered a valuable and vital part of the Reggio Emilia system. The exchange of ideas between parents and teachers is essential and favours the development of a new way of educating. The approach encourages interaction and communic... ...both approach emphasis on Family and Community. The wider world of family and community is an integral part of the early childhood curriculum Te Whá ¾ ±riki (1996). It also states that inclusion and support of parents and the connections with the community is important to the children’s learning process. Moreover Te Whá ¾ ±riki states that â€Å"Parents and caregivers have a wealth of valuable information and understandings regarding their children† (30). Thirdly both approach focus on educators to provide encouragement, warmth, and acceptance. They also provide challenges for creative and complex learning and thinking, helping children to extend their ideas and actions through sensitive, informed, well-judged interventions and support. Te Whá ¾ ±riki principles points out â€Å"children learn through responsive and reciprocal relationships with people, places and things† (p. 14).

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Catalytic Converters :: essays research papers fc

Introduction Catalytic converters are an integral part of converting much of the pollution that comes out of a car’s exhaust. Almost every car since the year 1970 has come with a catalytic converter in order to reduce harmful emissions. I chose to explain the function and chemistry behind the catalytic converter because I have an interest in cars and I wanted to know more about them. Background In order to understand how catalytic converters work, one must understand that air and fuel burn in a car’s engine best at a specific ratio. The ratio for gasoline burning vehicles is approximately 14.7 pounds of air to one pound of gasoline. When there is more than 14.7 pounds of air for each pound of gas, the mixture is running lean. When the opposite occurs, meaning less that 14.7 pounds of air for each pound of gas, the mixture is rich. The exhaust from the combustion in a cars engine is comprised of six main ingredients. Nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and water vapor are three of the main emissions. These gases do not cause damage to the atmosphere like the other gases do. Carbon Monoxide, other hydrocarbons, and Nitrogen Oxides result in a majority of the pollution caused by cars. Carbon Monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that can kill you if too much is inhaled. Hydrocarbons come out of an engine’s exhaust from unburned fuel. These hydrocarbons can be broken down by the sun, creating ground level ozone, also known as smog. Nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain. Catalytic converters are designed to reduce these last three emissions. How it Works Most new cars are equipped with what is called a three-way catalytic converter. They are called this because they try to cut down on the Carbon Monoxide, hydrocarbons, and Nitrogen Oxides. There are two main parts to the catalytic converter. They both function in the same way but remove different pollutants. The structure inside the catalytic converter is a honeycomb to allow for a maximum surface area for the reactions to occur while requiring minimal amounts of the catalysts required for the reactions to take place because these catalysts are expensive. Reduction Catalyst The reduction catalyst is the first step that the exhaust goes through in the catalytic converter. The catalysts used in this part are platinum and rhodium to break now NO and NO2 molecules in to N2 and O2 gases which are non-polluting.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Development of a Clinical Practice guideline for Acute Care Nursing

Clinical practice guidelines are formulated as a necessity to provide uniformity in the nursing field, cut down costs involved and improve the quality of care offered to patients. One of the most important ways of developing a practical and effective guideline is the systematic review of literature on this area since extensive and credible research has been carried out and documented by qualified professionals. It is important to examine whether the formulation of such guidelines has helped influence the conduct of nurses and by extension to evaluate the extent, if any that the provision of health care has benefited from such guidelines.It becomes essential to consider specifically the various areas of intensive medicine since the importance of the department makes it a necessity to have clear, uniform and sustainable practices that fosters discipline, acquisition of new knowledge and a diligence in ensuring that exact and prompt care is administered to save lives. Introduction Nursi ng is a vital part of our society due to the mortal nature of humanity. The average human person cannot live his whole life without need to acquire some medical attention due to either ailment or injury.Nurses therefore provide the necessary care in ensuring that people receive treatment of their various ailments and injuries and hence the role of the nurse is to foster good health and maintain good quality of life. Nurses work under all kinds of environment depending on the nature of ailment, preferences of the patients, personal choices that are influenced by various social and economic factors and in accordance to the laws and guidelines of the various institutions that have jurisdiction over the conduct of nurses under their authorities.These institutions might range from federal and state governments, registration and oversight bodies and specific hospitals in which individual nurses are attached. There are many fields in medicine and nurses work in all these departments depend ing on the specificity of the fields they have received training in. This paper will dwell on the area of acute care provision since as a student specializing in this field; it is common logic that my review should rotate within the educational confines of this field.The area of acute care nursing usually involves attending to patients within the intensive unit set up and is mainly patients whose lives are in danger due to fatal ailments and serious injuries. The history of the development of intensive unit care can be traced to Florence Nightingale and the contribution it has brought to the field of medicine is monumental if the great number of lives saved can be a testimony of its importance and success.It is important that nurses receive sufficient training since their occupation involves saving lives or restoring health regardless of whether assisting medics or administering such services independently. Education then becomes a vital part in the development of the nursing profes sion and hospitals have recognized the importance of education and by extension, hospitals are mandating that their nurses update their training annually (Kurjak & Chervenak, 2006).There is a lot of prudence and common sense behind such directives, most of which are due to the increasing innovations in technology, medicines and methodologies in the field of medicine and nursing. Nurses, especially acute care nurses are required to have accurate knowledge in operating various machines employed in treating patients and since many improvements and new inventions are a daily occurrence, failure to have current knowledge might be a cause for catastrophe and civil liability thereafter.Guidelines are used to ensure that new findings in nursing are used to ensure that gains are felt in the nursing sector to ensure that all stake holders benefit. Good guidelines should be based on evidence and the best way to collect such evidence is through systematic reviews of the existing literature (Sil agy, 2001). However, since several literatures exists on this field and the nature of the many changes in technology and technique that have occurred through the ages, it is necessary to limit your review to materials produced in the near past.The actual period one chooses to examine might be determined by several factors but among them might be the length of the systematic review with a small review like this one going back 5 to 10 years. This means that knowledge contained in these primary documents is current and a reflection of the present condition of nursing sector and guidelines based on such materials will act as an improving factor in the current health service provision.

Thursday, October 10, 2019

The Change in Law Enforcement’s Procedure to Protect Passenger’s Rights Instructor

In Wyoming v. Houghton (1999) impacted law enforcement procedure by its ruling states that law enforcement officer have a right to search a passenger’s personal possession, only if the law enforcement officer could present probable cause or the officer could prove contrabands and illegal activity . The automobile exception is recognized under the 4th Amendment to eliminate the requirements for search warrant of automobiles when there is probable cause established that contraband was located in the vehicle and illegal activities were involved (Chase, 1999, p. 1). This paper will examine Wyoming v. Houghton case and the impact on law enforcement procedures in relate to Wyoming Supreme Court wrongful ruling. It will also examine two journals related to how Wyoming’s ruling effected probable cause standards. According to Wyoming v. Houghton (1999), was first developed on July 23, 1995 when David Young’s car was stopped for a traffic violation by Wyoming Highway Patro l Officer, Delaine Baldwin. Baldwin noticed that Young’s car had a broken brake light and Young was also traveling over the speed limit. Young’s passenger was his girlfriend and a young lady named Sandra Houghton. When the patrol officer approached the vehicle he noticed the syringe that was sticking out of Young’s shirt pocket. After his reasonable suspicion and probable cause, Officer Baldwin followed his procedure and demanded everyone to stand on road close to the car. Young was cross-examined from Officer Baldwin in reference to the syringe. Young told the officer the syringe was used for his drug usages (Wyoming v. Houghton, 1999). The officer asked both of passengers for their identification. However, Sandra Houghton responded her name was Sandra James and she did not have driver license. Baldwin had a valid reason to search the car. The search continued and Officer Baldwin spotted a purse in backseat with her driver license. The driver license conformed that she was Sandra Houghton. In her defense of the driver license, she responded â€Å"she did not want to be involved if something went bad was to happen†. This made officer more suspicions. The purse had a brown pouch that had several syringe with 60 cc of methamphetamine, a vial of paraphernalia, and also black billfold. Instance, Sandra responded to Baldwin the things he found did not belong to her. Of course, this gave Baldwin a reason to assume that Houghton was also taking drugs, by the needle marks. Houghton was place under arrested for evidence that was that was found. However, the other suspects were release (Wyoming v. Houghton, 1999). According to the case, prior to the trial Houghton submitted a motion to the Wyoming Supreme Court. The motion was denied to restrain the evidences from the court and her privacy rights as passenger being violate through the 4th Amendment. Instead, Wyoming Supreme Court was certain officer follows his procedure to before he obtained the illegitimate evidence. Wyoming Supreme Court established that Houghton was guilty of procession of control substance. Wyoming Supreme Court verdict was she had to serve three year maximum in the Wyoming Women Center. However, Houghton appealed the decision of the court violation of her Fourth Amendment rights. (Wyoming v. Houghton, 1999) September 29, 1998, Wyoming Supreme Court’s verdict was overturned by the United States Supreme Court (Wyoming v. Houghton, 1998) According to the case, The United States Supreme Court declared: â€Å"Generally one by using valid probable cause officer is allowed to search all know container whether all know that a container is the personal effect of a passenger who is not suspected of a criminal activity, then the container is outside of the scope of the search unless someone had the opportunity to conceal the contraband within the personal effects to avoid detention† (Wyoming v. Houghton, 1998, p. 363 & 372). The Wyoming Supreme Court decision was overturned by the United States Supreme Court based on Houghton Fourth Amendment rights of privacy was violated by the officer. United Supreme Court approved the certiorari. According to the case, the court questioned the probable cause of the search. In the case, the officer confessed to the court that the purse belong to Houghton. The U. S. Supreme Court stressed that the search was unpractical. The U. S. Supreme Court continued to dispute that Wyoming Supreme Court made error in its verdict. U. S. Supreme Court justified it claims by evaluating the officer probable cause to search the vehicle. In prior years automobile exception was already established. The automobile exception definition was use an a exception of the Fourth Amendment which only recognize in search if an officer has probable cause that automobile contains illegitimate evidence or suspicion of a individual relating to any illegal activity. The U. S. Supreme Court wanted to establish the scope of the exception if the testimonial present by the officer supports the Houghton belonging were concealed any illegal drugs. The U. S. Supreme Court used the notice test in determining if the officer had established a valid probable cause. The notice test was the foundation of the overturn decision of U. S. Supreme Court to reverse verdict of Wyoming Supreme Court (Wyoming v. Houghton, 1998). The violation of the Fourth Amendment was the reason of the appeal. The courts focus more on automobile searches that gave law enforcement permission to search individual personal belongings. The courts examine cases like Ybarra v. Illinois in its appeal. The Ybarra v. Illinois was verdict that allows an exception to a search warrant in homes and business places to search any nonresidential or guest personal items (Wyoming v. Houghton, 1999, p. 98-184). In the examination of the case the courts utilized three important cases to justify the scope of the automobile exception rule. The case that was examined during the trial by the U. S. Supreme Court was Carroll v. United States (1925), United States v. Ross (1982), and California v. Acevedo (1991). Carroll was used because it was first to rule on automobile exception. The significances of the Carroll ruling was evidence could be obtained without search warrant even if a suspect hides any illegal objects or drugs in their vehicle (Carroll v. United States, 1925, p. 267) the second case examined by the court was United States v. Ross (1982). The significant of this case was as long as law enforcement has follow the probable cause standards , an officer is allow to search any container located in automobile (Wyoming v. Houghton, 1999). However, the scope of the search had to meet the requirements if a regular warrant was issue. The third case of the automobile search of the exception rule is California v. Acevedo. In California v. Acevedo the courts pointed out the most important factor was in this case that supported Wyoming was if the officer has less probable cause could justify more any wide-ranging of searches of automobile. Ross and Acevedo case were not as effective in Wyoming v. Houghton. The importance of both rulings related to contraband was obtained. It did not support the circumstances in the Wyoming case relating to the passengers belonging being search. The important rule of both case were related to evidence that could be seized by the plain view rule. The court examines all the past rules to determine the courts final decision. The decision in which if this new rule was past will it be used to protect citizen’s personal rights. Another problem can across, would this new rule allow law enforcement to search all containers without a warrant. The U. S. Supreme Court decide to past the new rule that states, if the probable cause is establish law enforcement were to search passenger’s belongings found in the automobile and any items that could hide back any convicting evidence (Wyoming v. Sandra Houghton, 526 U. S. 295 1999). In the article of â€Å"Don’t Accept Rides Form Strangers: The Supreme Court hastens the demise of passenger written by Hewitt Daniel discuss and examine the impact how the Wyoming v. Houghton modified criminal procedures to execute an unlawfully verdict. First, Hewitt argues about the errors of the Wyoming Supreme Court verdict which violated Sandra Houghton’s were violated under Fourth Amendment. He continues asserts the effect change in law enforcement level of suspicion requirement for law enforcement to search and seize. According to the Hewitt ( 1999), another effect of the ruling of the Wyoming v. Houghton change law enforcement regulation was traditional requirement of individual suspicion were broaden in special needs situations. The second impact Wyoming v. Houghton case change the criminal procedure was in the expectation of privacy. The expectation of privacy is define as a belief in the existence of freedom from unwanted governmental intrusion in something or place (Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Law, 1996). Hewitt concludes the requirements of exception of privacy which is a person must show that their privacy rights were violated by law enforcement and the violation should be logical to society. After privacy right has shown in violation, the courts would then decide whether the privacy right of a erson is reasonable or not. For example, in the case U. S. Supreme Court justified how the Sandra privacy right was violated due to fact the officer had any reason to search her. Hewitt continues to argue how privacy rights are limited in automobile search. The third impact of Wyoming v. Houghton had on criminal procedure was the automobile exception. In the automobile exception in which allow automobi le searches and seizures to be conducted if there is a valid reason that a suspect may be detaining contraband or anything illegal can be hide in container. The Wyoming v. Houghton changes criminal procedure because it allows law enforcement to conduct more searches to validate more criminal activity. The fourth impact was law established that address warrantless search of passengers’ possession. This law was called consensual search law. In consensual search law give law enforcement more authority to search and seize anything in vehicle regardless of who had own it or not. The law enforcement only had to have permission of the driver to conduct a search. The impact of this law is law enforcement could also search passengers’ procession as well without their consent. According to Hewitt (1999), Justice Breyer addressed the points made by the majority. Justice Bryer concludes from the majority rule should apply in how law enforcement conducted their automobile searches and it did not serve a purpose for searching passengers. However, Justice Stevens opposed the majority’s opinion. He believes that Officer Baldwin in the case should have been more caution of protecting the privacy of Houghton. He continues to stress that there was not enough probable cause that was established by the officer to search Houghton’s purse for drugs. Justice Steven main concern was the equality between law enforcement and individuals. Hewitt continues to examine that Justice Steven’s opinions was base of the theory of U. S. v. Di Re. Hewitt concludes, that Justice Steven made a valid point when he illustrates that there was no difference between the ruling in U. S. Di Re and the Wyoming case. The United States v. Di Re the significant of the case is the court rule that law enforcement are not allow to use the automobile exception rule when searching a passengers ‘s pockets and underwear (Zaleman, 2008). Justice Steven’s dissent clearly states that their no difference in both Di Re and Houghton’s interference of privacy. According to Hewitt (1999), Justice Stevens emphasized that the courts should rule to require law enforcement to request a warrant, which would protect the help protect the privacy rights of individuals more. In † Better-off walking: Wyoming v. Houghton emempfies what Acevedo failed to rectify†, illustrate how Wyoming v. Houghton ruling modified the ruling that California v. Acevedo, written by Erin Meadows, indicates that more effective than Acevedo. Meadows examine the case and illustrate the advantages of the new rule change in law enforcement regulation and lower courts administrative. He also examines the history of automobile exception to the Fourth Amendment warrant requirement and how new rule change other ruling. However, California v. Acevedo did not have an impact on the court decision. The Acevedo ruling was only used during certain situation where law enforcement had lack of probable cause in performing automobile searches . In California v. Acevedo (1991) rule that a law enforcement could search automobile’s truck if have reason to believe that any container located in truck had drugs in it. Houghton provided more bright-line rule. The reason for bright-line rule was to establish the balance between law enforcement officer regulations and citizens’ Fourth Amendment. The effects of the bright-line would prohibit illegal search from happening (Meadow, 2000). The new rule provided effective advantages to law enforcement officer. Some of the advantages of the new rule for law enforcement officer are time management. In effects of the new rule, law enforcement has more time to prevent crimes from happening and less time spent on warrant requests. Second advantage of the change of law enforcement procedure is the limit of area could be search. New law limited area searches played a major role prevention of citizens’ privacy rights being violated. Wyoming v. Houghton, â€Å"police should not be allowed to search passenger procession unless probable was established to assume the passenger procession illegal contraband (Meadows, 2000). It shown in that this case had major impact on violation of privacy in the 4th Amendment. Although, the new rule is in effect, there is still some more improvement needed to control the abuse of law enforcement. Law enforcement are now more pressure to protect privacy rights of individuals and now being look at more careful by courts. For example, after the ruling in Houghton case more is Thornton v. United States (2004), Arizona v. Gant (2008), and law enforcement are still being questioned. Will this ever stop on time will tell? Work Cited 1.Chase, Carol A., â€Å" Privacy Takes a back seat : putting the automobile exception back on track after several wrong turns†, 41 b.c.l. rev. p.71,(1999) 2.Expectation of Privacy. (1996). Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Retrieved November 26, 2010 From Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.references.com/browse /Expectation of 3. Meadows, E. M. (March 2000). Better-off walking: Wyoming v. Houghton exemplifies what Acevedo failed to rectify. University of Richmond Law Review, 34, 1. P.329-358. Retrieved November 15, 2010, from LegalTrac via Gale: http://library.limestone.edu:2054/gtx/start.do?prodId=LT&userGroupName=limestonecoll 4. â€Å"Napo Files Amicus Cupriae Belief to U.S. Supreme Court, NAPO Press Release. November 9, 1998 Retrieved November 10, 2010, http//www.napo.org/press_wyoming _nov 98.html 5. Wyoming v. Sandra Houghton, 526 U.S. 295 (1999). Retrieved November 13, 2010 from http://openjurist .org/526/US/295/Wyoming –v-Sandra-Houghton 6. Wy oming v. Houghton, No. 98-184. April 5, 1999. Retrieved November 13, 2010 from http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgi-bin/getcase.pl?court=us&vol=000&invol=98-184 7. Zaleman, M. (2008) Criminal Procedure Constitution and Society. (6th Ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ. Person Prentice Hall Publishing Company.

Noting

CONTENTS Page 1. 0 2. 0 3. 0 4. 0 5. 0 6. 0 7. 0 8. 0 9. 0 10. 0 11. 0 UGC Act, 1956 as Modified upto the 20th December, 1985 UGC Inspection of Universities Rules, 1960 UGC Rules regarding Fitness of Universities, 1974-88 UGC Returns of Information by Universities Rules, 1979 UGC Fitness of Institutions for Grants Rules, 1975 Recognition of College in Terms of Regulations, 1974 Framed under the UGC Act.UGC (Establishment and Maintenance of Institutions) Regulations, 1985 UGC Regulations, 1985 regarding the Minimum Standards of Instruction for the Grant of the First Degree UGC Regulations, 1991 regarding Minimum Qualifications for Appointment of Teachers in Universities and Colleges List of Degrees specified for the purposes of Section 22 of the UGC Act.UGC Rules, 1996 regarding Fitness of Health Sciences and Medical Universities for receiving grants 1 23 25 37 39 41 43 46 57 62 73 THE UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION ACT, 1956 Considered a leader, a statesman, and a humanist, William Jef ferson Clinton's genius exemplifies many characteristics of the Age of Modernism and Pluralism in Western culture. The Age of Modernism and Pluralism is said to be a culmination of the previous two major periods in human history.Modernism has the â€Å"quest for an authoritatively-rational aesthetics, ethics, and knowledge indicative of the Enlightened Period† (â€Å"PostModernism†, 2005), and the higher ideals of respect for people's rights and liberty brought forth during the Romantic period. Former president Bill Clinton's contributions to social and civil reforms in the United States, his support of the spread of democracy throughout the world, and his previous and ongoing support for the humanities constitute this nomination for the 20th Century Genius Award.

Wednesday, October 9, 2019

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Accounting - Essay Example Cash flow statement is prepared separately to account for all the cash transactions and determine the hard cash position of the business apart from its profitability and sales figures, etc. If accounting was only based on cash, no credit transactions could have been made; in fact we would have been violating the principle of â€Å"Going Concern†. When we say businesses are a going concern, we usually pass entries to close accounts for an accounting period by transferring the balances to the next accounting cycle. This is done because business transaction keep on taking place as business activities and operations are executed. The key accounting concept for using the accruals versus cash is that the profits & losses are not actually documented by a business at the same time when the cash transaction is made. In fact the two transactions are totally separate from each other and have different accounting treatments. Profits and losses of any business are the outcome of its operations and revenue generating activities which circulate around the ‘income’ and ‘expense’ heads of accounting for that business. This involves expectation of cash inflows and outflows at a later date as well as deferred cash transaction or prepayments, etc. that needs settlement in a later period. Income and expense determine the cash that you might have eared or lost at the end of the day, when all the corresponding cash transaction have been made but they strictly do not mean that cash has changed hands. We record the income and expenses in the period they are incurred in order to complying with accounting standards (Weygandt, Kieso, & Kimmel,

Monday, October 7, 2019

Please ansewr questions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Please ansewr questions - Assignment Example from being burden to their parents, or churches or to the society and on the contrary contribute to the clothing and feeding of many thousands within the country. Fifthly it would help reduce the cost of maintaining the children aged 1 year and above. At the same time the gentlemen of fortune in the kingdom will enjoy the refined taste of meat while the money collected from the sale will circulate thereby encouraging growth and manufacturing. 2. The act of bringing up children for sale to the rich to be used as meals either in occasions like feasts is seen as vain, idle and visionary thoughts. The levying tax on the absentees at 5 shillings a pound, rejecting instruments and materials which encourage foreign luxury, being a bit cautious of selling the country and its conscience for nothing, Encouraging a spirit of honesty, industry and skill into shopkeepers who if it was resolved to vend items from local producers would merge and manipulate the price of commodities, keeping off animosity and factions such as killing each other every time a problem comes up, teaching landlord to observe patience with tenants, curing the expense of vanity, pride, gaming and idleness among the women. 3. The author decided to present himself this way to prove how bad things are usually carried out in the name of helping the poor by the rich people. How they abuse the poor to get comfort and luxury. They come up with schemes that have a negative effect at the end of the day while it is assumed to be of good and helpful. 4. The irony is seen where Swift shows how important he wants to make the children useful to the common wealth via starting a scheme to help them not undergo suffering after the age of one. It turns ironical because, the kids are fed to grow big faster and look healthy so that they can be sold to the wealthy families for meal and at good prices. He therefore says that the money collected will put the economy a step ahead. 5. The argument is seen logical as

Sunday, October 6, 2019

PROPOSE A SOLUTION Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

PROPOSE A SOLUTION - Research Paper Example However, in light of this, humans form part of the world and are, therefore, included in the legal system governing Mother Nature. For this reason, the rights of the earth are followed for the nature, but not for the benefits and value that nature and the laws have towards humans. This means that representations of the legal rights of the earth are determined by the value that nature bears independently, and without influence from the interests of humans. In addition, all aspects of nature that fall in the sphere of moral concern and moral relevance bear a considerable amount of influence on decisions made about the environment. For this reason, they are crucial for ethics that are affiliated to the environment concerning the care that all humans should give to it. This is in addition to legal action and frameworks affiliated with the environment in cases of violation of requirements put in place to safeguard the environment and all its affiliated aspects in relation to sustenance of life (Philos 316). It is for the legal status of the environment that ethics are observed to the point of passing legislation on a global scale aimed at protecting the interests of nature and its constituent parts as are similarly held for humans. This translates to individual legal representation of the earth’s interests that are similar to the universal declaration of human rights. The other aspect of environmental aspect is the religious angle affiliated to it in regard to the problems that the environment faces according to the guilt associated with it due to a number of substantial reasons. These include the destructive alliance formed by science, technology, and democracy, which have seen the destruction of the earth (environment) in the name of development. The Christian religion in the west has pioneered the destruction through cosmology, where man views himself as a separate entity from nature. In turn, this has led to the domination of the earth by man in a quest t o attain their destiny (Jenkins 284). In relation to the aspect of religion and environmental ethics, man takes himself as taking precedence over nature due to their perceived differences, which is an aspect that is condemned by some religions and especially Buddhism and the philosophies for which it stands. Buddhism, concerning environmental ethics, stands for the belief that since the world will decline it is crucial to safeguard it. It does this by showing its followers how important the different aspects of nature are to the existence of humanity thus addresses issues of ecology and the environment (Keown 97). This also occurs through the cosmic beliefs based on tradition. For this reason, Buddhism’s ethics area call for prudential measures to conserve the environment for harmonious coexistence and support life, which makes it a moral obligation to look after the environment as is the case with the universal declaration of the rights of mother earth. However, religion as a whole does not support its ethics sufficiently due to the constant conflict between issues of technology, science, and religious beliefs. Climate and resource management is also an ethical issue that affects the environment on multiple scales. This is concerning the challenges that policymakers, scientist and researchers are faced with in creating solutions to overcome environmental problems. In addition, they grapple with issues of